{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:02:39Z","timestamp":1771599759111,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Telefonica Chair on Smart Cities of the Universitat Rovira i Virgili and the Universitat de Barcelona","award":["Project number 42.DB.00.18.00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number 42.DB.00.18.00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Discov Sustain"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relationship between smart cities and open innovation has attracted growing interest from the scientific community. However, there is still a scarcity of empirical studies on the subject. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) supported by Bibliometrix, an R-based tool for science mapping. Based on 61 documents (56 articles and 5 reviews), this study traces the development of the theme by identifying the most relevant journals, authors, citations, keywords, and emerging trends. The findings show that the motor themes are smart city, open innovation, co-creation, and e-government, and that the main trends in evolution are Internet of Things (2017), smart cities (2019), and open innovation (2019). This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the intersection between smart cities and open innovation by mapping the intellectual structure, key contributors, and thematic evolution of the field. For practitioners, policymakers, and urban planners, the findings provide a strategic map to support evidence-based decisions on where to source cutting-edge research, build collaborations, and benchmark innovative practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T02:10:13Z","timestamp":1769566213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Smart cities and open innovation: what is known, how it is known and future agenda"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando Lima","family":"Rua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Arias-Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziwei","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Souto-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2470_CR1","unstructured":"Worldometers. World Population Forecast: Worldometers. 2019. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/worldpopulation\/world-population-projections\/."},{"key":"2470_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahvenniemi H, Huovila A, Pinto-Sepp\u00e4 I, Airaksinen M. What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities? Cities 60(Part A), 234\u2013245 (2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009"},{"key":"2470_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations. About the Sustainable Development Goals\u2014United Nations Sustainable Development. 2022. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals."},{"key":"2470_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4020024","volume":"4","author":"AS Syed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Syed AS, Sierra-Sosa D, Kumar A, Elmaghraby A. IoT in smart cities: a survey of technologies, practices and challenges. Smart Cities. 2021;4:429\u201375.","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"2470_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-018-9845-8","volume":"84","author":"P Cardullo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cardullo P, Kitchin R. Being a \u2018citizen\u2019 in the smart city: up and down the scaffold of smart citizen participation in Dublin, Ireland. GeoJournal. 2019;84:1\u201313.","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2470_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12753","volume":"39","author":"AB Haque","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haque AB, Bhushan B, Dhiman G. Conceptualizing smart city applications: requirements, architecture, security issues, and emerging trends. Expert Syst. 2022;39(5):e12753.","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2017.1348880","volume":"24","author":"M Angelidou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angelidou M. The role of smart city characteristics in the plans of fifteen cities. J Urban Technol. 2017;24(4):3\u201328.","journal-title":"J Urban Technol"},{"key":"2470_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36398","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975415","volume":"8","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Sun P, Xu J, Wang X, Yu J, Zhao Z, et al. Blockchain-based safety management system for the grain supply chain. IEEE Access. 2020;8:36398\u2013410.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2470_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2019.01.004","volume":"80","author":"W Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng W, Walsh PP. Economic growth, urbanization and energy consumption\u2014a provincial level analysis of China. Energy Econ. 2019;80:153\u201362.","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MELE.2018.2816840","volume":"6","author":"M Shahidehpour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shahidehpour M, Li Z, Ganji M. Smart cities for a sustainable urbanization: illuminating the need for establishing smart urban infrastructures. IEEE Electrif Mag. 2018;6(2):16\u201333.","journal-title":"IEEE Electrif Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1108\/IJLM-02-2014-0035","volume":"27","author":"L Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu L, Yue X, Jin A, Yen DC. Smart supply chain management: a review and implications for future research. Int J Logist Manag. 2016;27(2):395\u2013417.","journal-title":"Int J Logist Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"2470_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2017.3680957","volume":"19","author":"K Ota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ota K, Kumrai T, Dong M, Kishigami J, Guo M. Smart infrastructure design for smart cities. IT Prof. 2017;19(5):42\u20139.","journal-title":"IT Prof"},{"key":"2470_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145256","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3014622","volume":"8","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Babar M, Tariq MU, Jan MA, Menon VG, Li X. SafeCity: toward safe and secured data management design for IoT-enabled smart city planning. IEEE Access. 2020;8:145256\u201367.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"2470_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7702","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2901840","volume":"6","author":"M Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen M, Tang X, Zhu L, Du X, Guizani M. Privacy-preserving support vector machine training over blockchain-based encrypted IoT data in smart cities. IEEE Internet Things J. 2019;6(5):7702\u201312.","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"2470_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-020-10044-1","volume":"24","author":"E Ismagilova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ismagilova E, Hughes L, Rana NP, Dwivedi YK. Security, privacy and risks within smart cities: literature review and development of a smart city interaction framework. Inf Syst Front. 2022;24:393\u2013414.","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/ijmr.12068","volume":"18","author":"R Adams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adams R, Jeanrenaud S, Bessant J, Denyer D, Overy P. Sustainability-oriented innovation: a systematic review. Int J Manag Rev. 2016;18(2):180\u2013205.","journal-title":"Int J Manag Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR17","volume":"9","author":"M Vieira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vieira M, Rua OL, Arias-Oliva M. Impact of open innovation in smart cities: the case study of K\u00f6ln (Germany). J Open Innov Technol Mark Complex. 2023;9(2):100068.","journal-title":"J Open Innov Technol Mark Complex"},{"key":"2470_CR18","unstructured":"Sarazin A. Open data ecosystems: What models to co-create service innovations in smart cities? 3rd International Symposium of the RGCS Network. 2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1108\/EJIM-07-2023-0600","volume":"28","author":"J Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han J. Open innovation in a smart city context: the case of Sejong smart city initiative. Eur J Innov Manag. 2025;28(4):1740\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur J Innov Manag"},{"issue":"04","key":"2470_CR20","first-page":"582","volume":"10","author":"AAJ Mohammed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammed AAJ, Burhanuddin MA, Basiron H, Tunggal D. Key enablers of IoT strategies in the context of smart city innovation. J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst. 2018;10(04):582\u20139.","journal-title":"J Adv Res Dyn Control Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2470_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2019.2941457","volume":"9","author":"J Beneicke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beneicke J, Juan AA, Xhafa F, Lopez-Lopez D, Freixes A. Empowering citizens\u2019 cognition and decision making in smart sustainable cities. IEEE Consum Electron Mag. 2019;9(1):102\u20138.","journal-title":"IEEE Consum Electron Mag"},{"key":"2470_CR22","unstructured":"Ojasalo, J. Open service innovation platform in a smart city. In Proceedings of the 10th ECIE European Conference on innovation and entrepreneurship, 17-18 September 2015, Genoa, Italy. Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited; 2015."},{"issue":"6","key":"2470_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-04-2017-0407","volume":"56","author":"L Dezi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dezi L, Pisano P, Pironti M, Papa A. Unpacking open innovation neighborhoods: Le milieu of the lean smart city. Manag Decis. 2018;56(6):1247\u201370.","journal-title":"Manag Decis"},{"key":"2470_CR24","unstructured":"Dutton, W. H., Blumler, J. G., Kramer, K. L.: Continuity and change in conceptions of the wired city. In Wired cities: shaping the future of communications (pp. 3-26) (1987)."},{"key":"2470_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Downey J, McGuigan J. Technocities: The culture and political economy of the digital revolution. Sage; 1999.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446279991"},{"key":"2470_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komninos N. Intelligent cities and globalisation of innovation networks. Routledge; 2008.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203894491"},{"key":"2470_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florida R. Cities and the creative class. Routledge; 2005.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203997673"},{"key":"2470_CR28","unstructured":"Network UCC. Creative Cities Network. Diakses dari; 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR29","first-page":"153","volume":"1","author":"T Yigitcanlar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yigitcanlar T. Knowledge-based development of cities: A myth or reality? Int J Knowl Based Dev. 2010;1(3):153\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Knowl Based Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2470_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439315618890","volume":"34","author":"AJ Meijer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meijer AJ, Gil-Garcia JR, Bol\u00edvar MPR. Smart city research: contextual conditions, governance models, and public value assessment. Soc Sci Comput Rev. 2016;34(6):647\u201356.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Comput Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3390\/su12030899","volume":"12","author":"SY Tan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tan SY, Taeihagh A. Smart city governance in developing countries: a systematic literature review. Sustainability. 2020;12(3):899.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/01969722.2019.1565120","volume":"50","author":"A Orlowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Orlowski A, Romanowska P. Smart cities concept: Smart mobility indicator. Cybern Syst. 2019;50(2):118\u201331.","journal-title":"Cybern Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-smc.2020.0001","volume":"2","author":"CK Toh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toh CK. Security for smart cities. IET Smart Cities. 2020;2(2):95\u2013104.","journal-title":"IET Smart Cities"},{"issue":"13","key":"2470_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8053","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138053","volume":"19","author":"K Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang K, Zhao B, Fan T, Zhang J. Economic growth targets and carbon emissions: evidence from China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13):8053.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6293","key":"2470_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2654","volume":"352","author":"JF Bonnefon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnefon JF, Shariff A, Rahwan I. The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science. 2016;352(6293):1573\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2470_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccs.2017.10.002","volume":"12","author":"C Pettit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pettit C, Bakelmun A, Lieske SN, Glackin S, Thomson G, Shearer H, et al. Planning support systems for smart cities. City Cult Soc. 2018;12:13\u201324.","journal-title":"City Cult Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/13547860.2016.1240321","volume":"22","author":"H Zhuang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhuang H. The effect of foreign direct investment on human capital development in East Asia. J Asia Pac Econ. 2017;22(2):195\u2013211.","journal-title":"J Asia Pac Econ"},{"key":"2470_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.11.050","volume":"56","author":"K Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou K, Fu C, Yang S. Big data driven smart energy management: From big data to big insights. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2016;56:215\u201325.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2470_CR39","unstructured":"Rua OL, Arias-Oliva M, Neto FM., Gonz\u00e1lez Menorca L. Open innovation on smart cities. In: 19th international conference on the ethical and social impacts of ICT. 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/17508975.2011.586672","volume":"3","author":"KA Paskaleva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paskaleva KA. The smart city: A nexus for open innovation? Intell Build Int. 2011;3(3):153\u201371.","journal-title":"Intell Build Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020620","volume":"14","author":"SAA Bokhari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bokhari SAA, Myeong S. Use of artificial intelligence in smart cities for smart decision-making: a social innovation perspective. Sustainability. 2022;14(2):620.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.5172\/impp.2013.15.4.515","volume":"15","author":"YC Hsiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hsiao YC, Hung SC, Chen CJ, Dong TP. Mobilizing human and social capital under industry contexts to pursue high-tech entrepreneurship. Innovation. 2013;15(4):515\u201332.","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR43","first-page":"16","volume":"1","author":"S Gedeon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gedeon S. What is entrepreneurship. Entrep Pract Rev. 2010;1(3):16\u201335.","journal-title":"Entrep Pract Rev"},{"key":"2470_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119713","volume":"148","author":"V Barba-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barba-S\u00e1nchez V, Arias-Ant\u00fanez E, Orozco-Barbosa L. Smart cities as a source for entrepreneurial opportunities: evidence for Spain. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2019;148:119713.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"2470_CR45","unstructured":"Feld B. Startup communities: Building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. John Wiley & Sons; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"2470_CR46","first-page":"79","volume":"5","author":"AS Kili\u00e7","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kili\u00e7 AS. Smart city as an ecosystem of innovation and entrepreneurship: what open innovation means for cities. Izmir Democracy University Social Sciences Journal. 2022;5(1):79\u201395.","journal-title":"Izmir Democracy University Social Sciences Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR47","first-page":"247","volume":"51","author":"H Chesbrough","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chesbrough H, Heaton S, Mei L. Open innovation with Chinese characteristics: a dynamic capabilities perspective. R-D Manag. 2021;51(3):247\u201359.","journal-title":"R-D Manag"},{"key":"2470_CR48","unstructured":"Chesbrough HW: Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business Press; 2003."},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-020-00651-4","volume":"16","author":"A Ferraris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferraris A, Santoro G, Pellicelli AC. \u201cOpenness\u201d of public governments in smart cities: removing the barriers for innovation and entrepreneurship. Int Entrep Manag J. 2020;16(4):1259\u201380.","journal-title":"Int Entrep Manag J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/jopart\/mun021","volume":"19","author":"F Damanpour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damanpour F, Schneider M. Characteristics of innovation and innovation adoption in public organizations: assessing the role of managers. J Public Adm Res Theory. 2009;19(3):495\u2013522.","journal-title":"J Public Adm Res Theory"},{"key":"2470_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaffers H, Komninos N, Pallot M, Trousse B, Nilsson M, Oliveira A. Smart cities and the future internet: towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation, Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. pp. 431-446.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20898-0_31"},{"issue":"12","key":"2470_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.02.014","volume":"65","author":"C Corus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corus C, Ozanne JL. Stakeholder engagement: building participatory and deliberative spaces in subsistence markets. J Bus Res. 2012;65(12):1728\u201335.","journal-title":"J Bus Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR53","first-page":"607","volume":"47","author":"FD Sandulli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sandulli FD, Ferraris A, Bresciani S. How to select the right public partner in smart city projects. R-D Manag. 2017;47(4):607\u201319.","journal-title":"R-D Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"2470_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2025.100778","volume":"10","author":"J Chung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chung J, Yoon J, Choi J. NEON as a navigator of energy open innovation ecosystems. J Innov Knowl. 2025;10(5):100778.","journal-title":"J Innov Knowl"},{"key":"2470_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2017.01.049","volume":"104","author":"M Greco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Greco M, Locatelli G, Lisi S. Open innovation in the power & energy sector: bringing together government policies, companies\u2019 interests, and academic essence. Energy Policy. 2017;104:316\u201324.","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"2470_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carayannis EG, Campbell DFJ. Mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple helix innovation systems. 21st-century democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for development. SpringerBriefs in business (Vol. 7). New York: Springer; 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2062-0"},{"key":"2470_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carayannis EG, Barth TD, Campbell DF. The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. J Innov Entrep. 2012;1(2).","DOI":"10.1186\/2192-5372-1-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2470_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4018\/jsesd.2010010105","volume":"1","author":"EG Carayannis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carayannis EG, Campbell DFJ. Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other? A proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology. Int J Soc Ecol Sustain Dev. 2010;1(1):41\u201369.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Ecol Sustain Dev"},{"key":"2470_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komninos N. Intelligent cities: innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces. Routledge; 2013.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203857748"},{"key":"2470_CR60","volume":"253","author":"JCF De Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Guimar\u00e3es JCF, Severo EA, J\u00fanior LAF, Da Costa WPLB, Salmoria FT. Governance and quality of life in smart cities: towards sustainable development goals. J Clean Prod. 2020;253:119926.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"6","key":"2470_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6525598","volume":"51","author":"N Walravens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walravens N, Ballon P. Platform business models for smart cities: from control and value to governance and public value. IEEE Commun Mag. 2013;51(6):72\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"2470_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446216651","volume-title":"Publics, Politics and Power: Remaking the Public in Public Services","author":"J Newman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newman J, Clarke J. Publics, Politics and Power: Remaking the Public in Public Services. London: Sage; 2009."},{"issue":"1","key":"2470_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/17535069.2017.1293150","volume":"11","author":"R Cowley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cowley R, Joss S, Dayot Y. The smart city and its publics: insights from across six UK cities. Urban Res Pract. 2018;11(1):53\u201377.","journal-title":"Urban Res Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR64","first-page":"52","volume":"19","author":"TL Ruas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruas TL, Pereira L. How to build indicators of Science, Technology and Innovation using Web of Science, Derwent World Patent Index, Bibexcel and Pajek? Perspectives on Information Science. 2014;19(3):52\u201381.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Information Science"},{"key":"2470_CR65","unstructured":"Markoni M, Lakatos E. Methodology of scientific work: basic procedures, bibliographic research, project and report, publications and scientific papers. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas; 2001."},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2019.1651178","volume":"26","author":"Z Tomor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomor Z, Meijer A, Michels A, Geertman S. Smart governance for sustainable cities: findings from a systematic literature review. J Urban Technol. 2019;26(4):3\u201327.","journal-title":"J Urban Technol"},{"key":"2470_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cocchia A. Smart and digital city: a systematic literature review. In: Progress in IS, Cham: Springer; 2014. pp. 13\u201343,","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06160-3_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR68","first-page":"348","volume":"25","author":"A Pritchard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Pritchard A. Statistical bibliography or bibliometrics? J Doc. 1969;25(4):348\u20139.","journal-title":"J Doc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171582","volume":"18","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Durairajanayagam D, Tatagari S, Esteves SC, Harlev A, Henkel R, et al. Bibliometrics: tracking research impact by selecting the appropriate metrics. Asian J Androl. 2016;18(2):296\u2013309.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"key":"2470_CR70","unstructured":"Guedes VLS, Borschiver S. Bibliometry: a statistical tool for the management of information and knowledge, in information systems, communication and scientific and technological evaluation. Anais of the National Meeting of Information Science 2005;6."},{"key":"2470_CR71","unstructured":"Cooper D, Schindler P. M\u00e9todos de Pesquisa em Administra\u00e7\u00e3o. Porto Alegre: Bookman; 2003."},{"key":"2470_CR72","unstructured":"Martins G, The\u00f3philo C. Metodologia da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o para Ci\u00eancias Sociais Aplicadas. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas; 2009."},{"key":"2470_CR73","unstructured":"Richardson R. Social research: methods and techniques. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas; 1999."},{"key":"2470_CR74","first-page":"369","volume":"31","author":"N Vanti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vanti N. From bibliometry to webometry: a conceptual exploration of several forms of measuring information and knowledge. Cienc Inf. 2002;31:369\u201379.","journal-title":"Cienc Inf"},{"key":"2470_CR75","unstructured":"Gil A. Methods and techniques of social research. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas. 1999."},{"key":"2470_CR76","unstructured":"Vergara S. Projects and Research reports in administration. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas. 2009."},{"key":"2470_CR77","unstructured":"Quesado P, Rodrigues L, Aibar-Guzm\u00e1n B. The scientific production on the Balanced Scorecard: a bibliometric analysis. Ordem dos Contabilistas Certificados. 2019."},{"key":"2470_CR78","unstructured":"Raupp F, Beuren I. Research methodology applicable to social sciences. In: Beuren I (Org.) How to elaborate monographic works in accounting: theory and practice. S\u00e3o Paulo: Atlas; 2013. pp. 76\u201397."},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","volume":"11","author":"M Aria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aria M, Cuccurullo C. Bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11(4):959\u201375.","journal-title":"J Informetr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5530\/jscires.8.3.32","volume":"8","author":"H Dervis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dervis H. Bibliometric analysis using Bibliometrix an R package. J Scientometr Res. 2019;8(3):156\u201360.","journal-title":"J Scientometr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2470_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1108\/01409170410784185","volume":"27","author":"J Rowley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rowley J, Slack F. Conducting a literature review. Manag Res News. 2004;27(6):31\u20139.","journal-title":"Manag Res News"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR82","first-page":"411","volume":"30","author":"K Krippendorff","year":"2004","unstructured":"Krippendorff K. Reliability in content analysis. Hum Commun Res. 2004;30(3):411\u201333.","journal-title":"Hum Commun Res"},{"key":"2470_CR83","unstructured":"Prasad TK., Sheth AP. Semantics-empowered approaches to big data processing for physical-cyber-social applications. AAAI Fall Symposium Series. 2013. pp. 68\u201375."},{"issue":"15","key":"2470_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2008.04.020","volume":"16","author":"S Seuring","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seuring S, M\u00fcller M. From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. J Clean Prod. 2008;16(15):1699\u2013710.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-65132013005000078","volume":"24","author":"FT Treinta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Treinta FT, Farias Filho JR, Sant\u2019Anna AP, Rabelo LM. Metodologia de pesquisa bibliogr\u00e1fica com a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e9todo multicrit\u00e9rio de apoio \u00e0 decis\u00e3o. Prod. 2014;24(3):508\u201320.","journal-title":"Prod"},{"key":"2470_CR86","unstructured":"Bandara W, Suraya M, Erwin F. A systematic, tool-supported method for conducting literature reviews in information systems. In: 19th European conference on information systems, 2011. pp. 1\u201313."},{"issue":"1","key":"2470_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc7010041","volume":"7","author":"P Quesado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quesado P, Silva R. Activity-based costing (ABC) and its implication for open innovation. J Open Innov: Technol, Mark, Complexity. 2021;7(1):41.","journal-title":"J Open Innov: Technol, Mark, Complexity"},{"key":"2470_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. bmj. 2021;372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1080\/12460125.2023.2197700","volume":"33","author":"J Paul","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paul J, Khatri P, Kaur Duggal H. Frameworks for developing impactful systematic literature reviews and theory building: What, why and how? J Decis Syst. 2024;33(4):537\u201350.","journal-title":"J Decis Syst"},{"key":"2470_CR90","first-page":"1899","volume":"17","author":"PC Sauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sauer PC, Seuring S. How to conduct systematic literature reviews in management research: a guide in 6 steps and 14 decisions. Rev Manag Sci. 2023;17:1899\u2013933.","journal-title":"Rev Manag Sci"},{"key":"2470_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corbo L, Kraus S, Vla\u010di\u0107 B, Dabi\u0107 M, Caputo A, Pellegrini MM. Coopetition and innovation: a review and research agenda. Technovation 2023;122(2023):102624.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.technovation.2022.102624"},{"key":"2470_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10200","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2023.3285292","volume":"71","author":"O Ozcan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozcan O, Pickernell D, Trott P. A trade secrets framework and strategic approaches. IEEE Trans Eng Manag. 2024;71:10200\u201316.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manag"},{"key":"2470_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2017.08.011","volume":"108","author":"K van Karolien Nunen","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Karolien Nunen K, Li J, Reniers G, Ponnet K. Bibliometric analysis of safety culture research. Saf Sci. 2018;108:248\u201358.","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3138\/jsp-2024-0002","volume":"55","author":"J Chung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chung J, Kim WJ. Global research trends in predatory publishing: a bibliometric and topic analysis. J Sch Publ. 2024;55(4):559\u201386.","journal-title":"J Sch Publ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/reseval\/rvab020","volume":"30","author":"M\u00c1 Oviedo-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oviedo-Garc\u00eda M\u00c1. Journal citation reports and the definition of a predatory journal: the case study of Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Res Eval. 2021;30(3):405\u201319.","journal-title":"Res Eval"},{"key":"2470_CR96","unstructured":"Bibliometrix. (n.d.). FAQ. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.bibliometrix.org\/home\/index.php\/faq"},{"issue":"8","key":"2470_CR97","volume":"9","author":"RM Batista-Canino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Batista-Canino RM, Santana-Hernandez L, Medina-Brito P. A scientometric analysis on entrepreneurial intention literature: delving deeper into local citation. Heliyon. 2025;9(8):e13046.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2470_CR98","first-page":"57","volume":"66","author":"SK Jalal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jalal SK. Co-authorship and co-occurrences analysis using Bibliometrix R-package: a case study of India and Bangladesh. Ann Libr Inform Stud (ALIS). 2019;66:57\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Libr Inform Stud (ALIS)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2470_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22688","volume":"63","author":"Mj Cobo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cobo Mj, L\u00f3pez-Herrera Ag, Herrera-Viedma E, Herrera F. SciMAT: a new science mapping analysis software tool. J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol. 2012;63(8):1609\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2470_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-012-0083-x","volume":"4","author":"N Komninos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Komninos N, Pallot M, Schaffers H. Special issue on Smart cities and the future internet in Europe. J Knowl Econ. 2013;4(2):119\u201335.","journal-title":"J Knowl Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/17508975.2011.586672","volume":"3","author":"KA Paskaleva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paskaleva KA. The smart city: a nexus for open innovation? Intell Build Int. 2011;3(3):153\u201371.","journal-title":"Intell Build Int"},{"key":"2470_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.08.033","volume":"89","author":"JH Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee JH, Hancock MG, Hu M-C. Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2014;89:80\u201399.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"2470_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.043","volume":"50","author":"U Gretzel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gretzel U, Werthner H, Koo C, Lamsfus C. Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Comput Human Behav. 2015;50:558\u201363.","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2470_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-01-2016-0027","volume":"22","author":"V Scuotto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scuotto V, Ferraris A, Bresciani S. Internet of Things: applications and challenges in smart cities: a case study of IBM smart city projects. Bus Process Manag J. 2016;22(5):1009\u201323.","journal-title":"Bus Process Manag J"},{"key":"2470_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gagliardi D, Schina L, Sarcinella ML, Mangialardi G, Niglia F, Corallo A. Information and communication technologies and public participation: interactive maps and value added for citizens. Gov Inform Q. 2017;34(1):27\u201336.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2016.09.002"},{"key":"2470_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ardito L, Ferraris A, Petruzzelli AM, Bresciani S, Del Giudice M. Technological forecasting and social change. 2019;142:15\u201327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2018.07.030"},{"key":"2470_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.futures.2018.03.012","volume":"103","author":"A Ferraris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferraris A, Santoro G, Papa A. The cities of the future: hybrid alliances for open innovation projects. Futures. 2018;103:79\u201390.","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"2470_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-020-00651-4","volume":"16","author":"A Ferraris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferraris A, Santoro G, Pellicelli AC. \u201cOpenness\u201d of public governments in smart cities: removing the barriers for innovation and entrepreneurship. Int Entrep Manag J. 2020;16:1259\u201380.","journal-title":"Int Entrep Manag J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR109","volume":"5","author":"Y Yun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yun Y, Lee M. Smart City 4.0 from the perspective of open innovation. J Open Innov: Technol, Mark, Complexity. 2019;5(4):92.","journal-title":"J Open Innov: Technol, Mark, Complexity"},{"key":"2470_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ject.2024.07.003","volume":"2","author":"ZRMA Kaiser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaiser ZRMA. Smart governance for smart cities and nations: the case of Smart Bangladesh. J Econ Technol. 2024;2:216\u201334.","journal-title":"J Econ Technol"},{"key":"2470_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud IH, Morello E, Ludlow D, Salvia G. Co-creation pathways to inform shared governance of urban living labs in practice: Lessons from three European projects. Front Sustain Cities 2021;3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frsc.2021.690458"},{"key":"2470_CR112","volume":"183","author":"HT Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen HT, Marques P, Benneworth P. Living labs: challenging and changing the smart city power relations? Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2022;183:121866.","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"2470_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3390\/earth5040042","volume":"5","author":"ES Lakatos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lakatos ES, Pacurariu RL, B\u00eergovan AL, Cioca LI, Szilagy A, Moldovan A, et al. A systematic review of living labs in the context of sustainable development with a focus on bioeconomy. Earth. 2024;5(4):812\u201343.","journal-title":"Earth"},{"issue":"20","key":"2470_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15075","DOI":"10.3390\/su152015075","volume":"15","author":"S Myeong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Myeong S, Bokhari SAA. Building participative e-governance in smart cities: moderating role of institutional and technological innovation. Sustainability. 2023;15(20):15075.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2470_CR115","volume":"50","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Gao S, Li N, Yu S. Crowdsourcing the perceived urban built environment via social media: the case of underutilized land. Adv Eng Inform. 2021;50:101371.","journal-title":"Adv Eng Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"2470_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3603256","volume":"4","author":"A Fornaroli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fornaroli A, Gatica-Perez D. Urban crowdsourcing platforms across the world: a systematic review. Digit Gov Res Pract. 2021;4(3):1.","journal-title":"Digit Gov Res Pract"},{"issue":"24","key":"2470_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11209","DOI":"10.3390\/su162411209","volume":"16","author":"A Bukhari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bukhari A. Smart city as an ecosystem to foster entrepreneurship and well-being: current state and future directions. Sustainability. 2024;16(24):11209.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"18","key":"2470_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11461","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811461","volume":"14","author":"EB Diop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diop EB, Chenal J, Tekouabou SCK, Azmi R. Crowdsourcing public engagement for urban planning in the Global South: methods, challenges and suggestions for future research. Sustainability. 2022;14(18):11461.","journal-title":"Sustainability"}],"container-title":["Discover Sustainability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T14:05:34Z","timestamp":1771596334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2470"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43621-025-02470-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-9984"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-9984","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"293"}}