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However, little is known about how hospital characteristics relate to their c-section rates on low-risk deliveries (CSR-LRD).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CSR-LRD were computed using inpatient data from all Portuguese National Health Service hospitals (2002-2011). Linear and Fractional Response Models were estimated to quantify the relationship between CSR-LRD and a set of hospital characteristics: hospital size, type (exclusively obstetrics or not), Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) availability, obstetrician-to-obstetric bed ratio, and teaching status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CSR-LRD increased from 11.7% (2002) to 14.1% (2008), declining to 12.5% in 2011. While larger hospitals and hospitals with NICU had higher CSR-LRD rates, teaching status and obstetrician-to-obstetric bed ratio had no significant effect. Adjusted estimates, controlling for those four characteristics, indicate 91% of the variation in the CSR-LRD is left unexplained.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hospital characteristics do not explain variation in CSR-LRD rates. Further studies considering medical practice, financial incentives to hospitals and\/or physicians, and patient education are needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43999-022-00014-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T01:02:24Z","timestamp":1670979744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["C-sections and hospital characteristics: a long term analysis on low-risk deliveries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Joaquim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0917-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Nobre","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6219-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9u","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althabe, F. and J.M. 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