{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1748319161138,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artery Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The concept of vascular aging has emerged in recent years as a comprehensive and easily understandable way for assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk, especially in subjects whose risk is underestimated by classic risk tables. However, knowledge among clinicians is very limited, and its use in daily clinical practice is even less common. Furthermore, community pharmacies are an integral part of the healthcare systems. These are highly accessible health professionals with adequate training who deserve greater responsibility in the management of hypertension and CV risk. Simultaneously, it is noteworthy that new devices have emerged on the market that allow early vascular aging (EVA) to be measured in a simple and reliable way based on estimated pulse-wave velocity. Our objective is to describe the evidence on the role of community pharmacies in assessing EVA according to published evidence. To our knowledge, there are four studies performed in Austria, Portugal, and Spain. The main results of this review are: (1) community pharmacies have demonstrated their ability to carry out large-scale vascular age estimation in international, community-based healthcare environment; (2) the prevalence of preclinical arterial damage (EVA) in the population of pharmacy customers does not differ in subjects who spontaneously visit community pharmacies compared to the general population; (3) the determining factors of arterial stiffness are very similar in the three countries studied; (4) the estimation of pulse-wave velocity in community pharmacies simultaneously involves the determination of blood pressure, demonstrating a poor control of hypertension\u2014both in known and unknown hypertensive patients and similarly in all three countries. The determination of EVA is not superimposable to the measurement of blood pressure and provides added value in terms of vascular risk management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T14:12:04Z","timestamp":1748268724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Community Pharmacies in Spreading the Concept of Vascular Aging in Daily Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Aichberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Ardelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Baixauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Cinza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Soledad","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana-Karen","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Hametner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonela","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lugones-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zuri","family":"Montalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Telmo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Santschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Danninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"the TOGETHER-Project Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"66_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:2982\u20133021.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"66_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206916","volume":"389","author":"The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium","year":"2023","unstructured":"The Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium. Global effect of modifiable risk factors on cardiovascular disease and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:1273\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2206916.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"66_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00114-3","volume":"24","author":"RM Conroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy RM, Py\u00f6r\u00e4l\u00e4 K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, SCORE project group, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(11):987\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00114-3. (PMID: 12788299).","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"66_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","volume":"42","author":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms","year":"2021","unstructured":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms. New models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:2439\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"66_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","year":"2023","unstructured":"ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"38","key":"66_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, Christodorescu RM, Daskalopoulou SS, Ferro CJ, Gerdts E, Hanssen H, Harris J, Lauder L, McManus RJ, Molloy GJ, Rahimi K, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Rossi GP, Sandset EC, Scheenaerts B, Staessen JA, Uchmanowicz I, Volterrani M, Touyz RM, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912\u20134018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"66_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp546","volume":"31","author":"T Sehestedt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sehestedt T, Jeppesen J, Hansen TW, Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Torp-Pedersen C, Hildebrandt P, Olsen MH. Risk prediction is improved by adding markers of subclinical organ damage to SCORE. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(7):883\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp546.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10060","key":"66_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31134-5","volume":"388","author":"MH Olsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olsen MH, Angell SY, Asma S, Boutouyrie P, Burger D, Chirinos JA, Damasceno A, Delles C, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Hering D, L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo P, Martinez F, Perkovic V, Rietzschel ER, Schillaci G, Schutte AE, Scuteri A, Sharman JE, Wachtell K, Wang JG. A call to action and a lifecourse strategy to address the global burden of raised blood pressure on current and future generations: the Lancet Commission on hypertension. Lancet. 2016;388(10060):2665\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31134-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"66_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad028","volume":"00","author":"RE Climie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Climie RE, Alastruey J, Mayer CC, Schwarz A, Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Voicehovska J, et al. Vascular ageing: moving from bench towards bedside. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;00:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad028.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"66_CR10","unstructured":"Early Vascular Aging (EVA). New directions in cardiovascular protection and cardiovascular translational medicine. In: Cunha P, Nilsson P, Olsen MH, Boutouyrie P, Laurent S, editors. 2nd ed. Academic Press: Elsevier; 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"66_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.37.5.1236","volume":"37","author":"S Laurent","year":"2001","unstructured":"Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, Ducimetiere P, Benetos A. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001;37(5):1236\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.37.5.1236.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"66_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2588\u2013605.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"66_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020103","volume":"10","author":"T Miyoshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miyoshi T, Ito H, Shirai K, Horinaka S, Higaki J, Yamamura S, et al. Predictive value of the cardio-ankle vascular index for cardiovascular events in patients at cardiovascular risk. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10: e020103.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"66_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq165","volume":"31","author":"The Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness\u2019 Collaboration","year":"2010","unstructured":"The Reference Values for Arterial Stiffness\u2019 Collaboration. Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: \u2018establishing normal and reference values. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:2338\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq165.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"66_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.063","volume":"63","author":"Y Ben-Shlomo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo Y, Spears M, Boustred C, May M, Anderson SG, Benjamin EJ, et al. Aortic pulse wave velocity improves cardiovascular event prediction: an individual participant meta-analysis of prospective observational data from 17, 635 subjects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:636\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"66_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17579","volume":"78","author":"S Laurent","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laurent S, Chatellier G, Azizi M, Calvet D, Choukroun G, Danchin N, et al. SPARTE study: normalization of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension at medium to very high risk. Hypertension. 2021;78:983\u201395.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"66_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003393","volume":"41","author":"AG Panayiotou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Panayiotou AG, Park C, Climie RE, Mayer CC, Pucci G, Bianchini E, et al. Limitations to implementation of measuring vascular ageing in routine clinical practice. J Hypertens. 2023;41(6):1054\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"66_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000518","volume":"33","author":"T Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber T, Wassertheurer S, Hametner B, Parragh S, Eber B. Noninvasive methods to assess pulse wave velocity: comparison with the invasive gold standard and relationship with organ damage. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1023\u201331.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21618","volume":"81","author":"B Spronck","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spronck B, Terentes-Printzios D, Avolio AP, Boutouyrie P, Guala A, Jeron\u010di\u0107 A, et al. Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY), the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Large Arteries, European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action VascAgeNet, North American Artery Society, ARTERY LATAM, Pulse of Asia, and Society for Arterial Stiffness\u2014Germany-Austria-Switzerland (DeGAG). 2024 recommendations for validation of noninvasive arterial pulse wave velocity measurement devices. Hypertension. 2024;81(1):183\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21618.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"66_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15336","volume":"77","author":"B Hametner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hametner B, Wassertheurer S, Mayer CC, Danninger K, Binder RK, Weber T. Aortic pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a comparison of invasive measurements and noninvasive estimates. Hypertension. 2021;77(2):571\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15336.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"66_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000518","volume":"33","author":"T Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber T, Wassertheurer S, Hametner B, Parragh S, Eber B. Noninvasive methods to assess pulse wave velocity: comparison with the invasive gold standard and relationship with organ damage. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1023\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000518.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"66_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001019","volume":"34","author":"HJ Feistritzer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feistritzer HJ, Klug G, Reinstadler SJ, Reindl M, Mayr A, Schocke M, et al. Oscillo- metric analysis compared with cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of aortic pulse wave velocity in patients with myocardial infarction. J Hypertens. 2016;34:1746\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001019.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"66_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1038\/HR.2012.78","volume":"35","author":"L Luzardo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luzardo L, Lujambio I, Sottolano M, da Rosa A, Thijs L, Noboa O, et al. 24-h ambulatory recording of aortic pulse wave velocity and central sys- tolic augmentation: a feasibility study. Hypertens Res. 2012;35:980\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/HR.2012.78.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"66_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3282f314f7","volume":"26","author":"J Baulmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baulmann J, Schillings U, Rickert S, et al. A new oscillometric method for assessment of arterial stiffness: comparison with tonometric and piezo-electronic methods. J Hypertens. 2008;26:523\u20138.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"24","key":"66_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.528","volume":"67","author":"RT Tsuyuki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsuyuki RT, Al Hamarneh YN, Jones CA, Hemmelgarn BR. The effectiveness of pharmacist interventions on cardiovascular risk: the multicenter randomized controlled RxEACH trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(24):2846\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.528.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000687","volume":"5","author":"S Omboni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omboni S, Caserini M. Effectiveness of pharmacist\u2019s intervention in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Open Heart. 2018;5(1): e000687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000687.","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"66_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00856-w","volume":"41","author":"L Huete","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huete L, Manzano-Lista FJ, Ar\u00e1nguez I, Fern\u00e1ndez-Alfonso MS. Impact of pharmacist\u2019s intervention on reducing cardiovascular risk in obese patients. Int J Clin Pharm. 2019;41(4):1099\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-019-00856-w.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"66_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000718","volume":"3","author":"V Santschi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santschi V, Chiolero A, Colosimo A, Platt R, Taff\u00e9 P, Burnier M, Burnand B, Paradis G. Improving blood pressure control through pharmacist interventions: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3: e000718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.113.000718.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"66_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.399","volume":"171","author":"V Santschi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santschi V, Chiolero A, Burnand B, Colosimo A, Paradis G. Impact of pharmacist care in the management of cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1441\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"66_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.04.037","volume":"149","author":"E Rodilla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodilla E, Baixauli V, Bellver O, Prats R, Salar L, Climent T, et al. Arterial stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive subjects: frequency in community pharmacies. Med Clin (Barc). 2017;149:469\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2017.04.037.","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"66_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13554","volume":"21","author":"T Pereira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pereira T, Paulino E, Maximiano S, Rosa M, Pinto AL, Mendes MJ, et al. Mea- surement of arterial stiffness and vascular aging in community pharmacies \u2013 the ASINPHAR@2action project. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019;21:813\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.13554.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"66_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0222-y","volume":"34","author":"K Danninger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danninger K, Hafez A, Binder RK, Aichberger M, Hametner B, Wassertheurer S, et al. High prevalence of hypertension and early vascular aging: a screening program in pharmacies in Upper Austria. J Hum Hypertens. 2020;34:326\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41371-019-0222-y.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"66_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2023.06.002","volume":"161","author":"E Rodilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodilla E, Adell M, Baixauli V, Bellver O, Castillo L, Centelles S, Hern\u00e1ndez R, Mart\u00ednez S, Perseguer Z, Prats R, Ruiz D, Salar L, Climent M, COPHARTEN Study Group. Value of estimating pulse wave velocity compared to SCORE in cardiovascular risk stratification in community pharmacies. Med Clin. 2023;161(11):463\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2023.06.002.","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"66_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2991\/artres.k.191124.001","volume":"25","author":"E Rodilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodilla E, Prats R, Bellver O, et al. Assessment of arterial stiffness by Brachial oscillometry in community pharmacies for managing hypertension (COPHARTEN). Artery Res. 2019;25:121\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/artres.k.191124.001.","journal-title":"Artery Res"},{"key":"66_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/MBP.0000000000000066","volume":"19","author":"D Nunan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nunan D, Fleming S, Hametner B, Wassertheurer S. Performance of pulse wave velocity measured using a brachial cuff in a community setting. Blood Press Monit. 2014;19:315\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MBP.0000000000000066.","journal-title":"Blood Press Monit"},{"key":"66_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000565","volume":"33","author":"PG Cunha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cunha PG, Cotter J, Oliveira P, et al. Pulse wave velocity distribution in a cohort study: from arterial stiffness to early vascular aging. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1438\u201345.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rec.2019.04.016","volume":"73","author":"M G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez M, Patino-Alonso MC, G\u00f3mez-S\u00e1nchez L, Recio-Rodr\u00edguez JI, Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez E, Maderuelo-Fern\u00e1ndez JA, Garc\u00eda-Ortiz L, G\u00f3mez-Marcos MA, EVA Group. Reference values of arterial stiffness parameters and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish population. The EVA study. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2020;73(1):43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rec.2019.04.016.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)."},{"issue":"6","key":"66_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137653","volume":"54","author":"M Cecelja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cecelja M, Chowienczyk P. Dissociation of aortic pulse wave velocity with risk factors for cardiovascular disease other than hypertension: a systematic review. Hypertension. 2009;54(6):1328\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.137653.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"66_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90691-5","volume":"112","author":"JJ Toto-Moukouo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Toto-Moukouo JJ, Achimastos A, Asmar RG, Hugues CJ, Safar ME. Pulse wave velocity in patients with obesity and hypertension. Am Heart J. 1986;112(1):136\u201340.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"66_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.156109","volume":"59","author":"I Ferreira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferreira I, van de Laar RJ, Prins MH, Twisk JW, Stehouwer CD. Carotid stiffness in young adults: a life-course analysis of its early determinants: the Amsterdam growth and health longitudinal study. Hypertension. 2012;59:54\u201361.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"66_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000520","volume":"33","author":"M Gotts\u00e4ter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gotts\u00e4ter M, \u00d6stling G, Persson M, Engstr\u00f6m G, Melander O, Nils-son PM. Non-hemodynamic predictors of arterial stiffness after 17 years of follow-up: the Malm\u00f6 diet and cancer study. J Hypertens. 2015;33:957\u201365.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"66_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpu038","volume":"27","author":"M Canepa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Canepa M, AlGhatrif M, Pestelli G, Kankaria R, Makrogiannis S, Strait JB, Brunelli C, Lakatta EG, Ferrucci L. Impact of central obesity on the estimation of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Am J Hypertens. 2014;27:1209\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"66_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12831","volume":"2","author":"C Vlachopoulos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vlachopoulos C, Terentes-Printzios D, Laurent S, Nilsson PM, Protogerou AD, Aznaouridis K, Xaplanteris P, Koutagiar I, Tomiyama H, Yamashina A, et al. Association of estimated pulse wave velocity with survival: a secondary analysis of SPRINT. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2: e1912831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.12831.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"66_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14088","author":"JKK Vishram-Nielsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vishram-Nielsen JKK, Laurent S, Nilsson PM, Linneberg A, Sehested TSG, Greve SV, Pareek M, Palmieri L, Giampaoli S, Donfrancesco C, et al. Does estimated pulse wave velocity add prognostic information?: Morgam prospective cohort project. Hypertension. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14088.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"66_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18071-2","volume":"24","author":"W Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng W, Kong F, Pan H, Luan S, Yang S, Chen S. Superior predictive value of estimated pulse wave velocity for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US general adults. BMC Public Health. 2024;24:600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-18071-2.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"66_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14124","volume":"23","author":"PC Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu PC, Lee WH, Tsai WC, Chen YC, Chu CY, Yen HW, Lin TH, Voon WC, Lai WT, Sheu SH, et al. Comparison between estimated and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity for cardiovascular and overall mortality prediction. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021;23:106\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14124.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"66_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-01968-x","author":"A Beros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Beros A, Sluyter J, Hughes A, Hametner B, Wassertheurer S, Scragg R. Arterial stiffness and incident chronic kidney disease: a large population-based cohort study. J Nephrol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-024-01968-x.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"66_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21638","volume":"81","author":"GF Mitchell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mitchell GF, Rong J, Larson MG, Korzinski TJ, Xanthakis V, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Hamburg NM, et al. Vascular age assessed from an uncalibrated, noninvasive pressure waveform by using a deep learning approach: the ai-vascular age model. Hypertension. 2024;81:193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21638.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"66_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae002","volume":"45","author":"M Bakhit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bakhit M, Fien S, Abukmail E, Jones M, Clark J, Scott AM, Glasziou P, Cardona M. Cardiovascular disease risk communication and prevention: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(12):998\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae002.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Artery Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T14:12:05Z","timestamp":1748268725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["66"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44200-024-00066-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-4401"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-4401","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"By submitting my article I agree to pay the APC in full if my article is accepted for publication (unless it is covered by an institutional agreement or journal partner, or a full waiver has been granted).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"No, I declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and\/or discussion reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"14"}}