{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T08:24:52Z","timestamp":1771489492508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ARIN"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article proposes using scaled fabrication models to assist the design research of 3D-printed discrete concrete structures where full-scale fabrication tests are costly and time-consuming. A scaled fabrication model (SFM) is a scaled model 3D-printed the same way as in actual construction to reflect its fabrication details and acquire alike layer line textures. The components of a 1:10 SFM can be easily produced by consumer-level desktop 3D printers with minimal modification. SFMs assist the design communication and make possible quick tests of distinct fabrication designs that are hard to assess in digital modeling during the conceptual design phase. A case study of a discrete compression-dominant funicular floor derived from graphic statics is presented to illustrate the contribution of SFM to the design research of force-informed toolpathing where the printing direction of a component is aligned to the principal stress line. The design iterations encompass a sequence of component, partial, and full model SFM printing tests to explore and optimize the fabrication schemes where parallel, non-parallel, and creased slicing methods to create toolpaths are compared and chosen to adapt different discrete components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T03:40:21Z","timestamp":1723088421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Designing 3D-printed concrete structures with scaled fabrication models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Yefan","family":"Zhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6402-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masoud","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"70_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed, Z., Wolfs, R., Bos, F., Salet, T. (2022). A framework for large-scale structural applications of 3D printed concrete: the case of a 29 m bridge in the netherlands. Open Conference Proceedings, 1 , 5\u201319, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52825\/ocp.v1i.74","DOI":"10.52825\/ocp.v1i.74"},{"key":"70_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akbarzadeh, M. (2016). 3D Graphical Statics Using Reciprocal Polyhedral Diagrams.\u00a0Zurich: ETH Zurich. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3929\/ethz-a-010867338","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-a-010867338"},{"key":"70_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbarzadeh, M., Tabatabaie Ghomi, A., Bolhassani, M., Akbari, M.,\u00a0Seyedahmadian, A., Sun, J.,\u00a0Yao, H.,\u00a0Miziumski, J., & Papalexiou, K. (2021). Saltatur: Node-based assembly of funicular spatial concrete. In\u00a0M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago & B. Slocum (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) (pp.\u00a0108\u2013113).\u00a0Virtual Conference: Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.acadia.2020.2.108"},{"key":"70_CR4","unstructured":"Anton, A., Skevaki, E., Bischof, P., Reiter, L., Dillenburger, B. (2022). Column-Slab Interfaces for 3D Concrete Printing. In\u00a0Masoud Akbarzadeh and Dorit Aviv and Hina Jamelle and Robert Stuart-Smith (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) (Vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a058\u201367).\u00a0Philadelphia, PA: Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)"},{"key":"70_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhooshan, S. (2022). Shape Design of 3D-Concrete-Printed Masonry Structures.\u00a0Zurich: ETH Zurich. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3929\/ethz-b-000614010","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-b-000614010"},{"key":"70_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2018.02.002","volume":"14","author":"M Bolhassani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bolhassani, M., Akbarzadeh, M., Mahnia, M., & Taherian, R. (2018). On structural behavior of a funicular concrete polyhedral frame designed by 3D graphic statics. Structures, 14, 56\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.istruc.2018.02.002","journal-title":"Structures"},{"issue":"3","key":"70_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2016.1209867","volume":"11","author":"F Bos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bos, F., Wolfs, R., Ahmed, Z., & Salet, T. (2016). Additive manufacturing of concrete in construction: Potentials and challenges of 3D concrete printing. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 11(3), 209\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17452759.2016.1209867","journal-title":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping"},{"key":"70_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2022.102872","volume":"56","author":"L Breseghello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Breseghello, L., & Naboni, R. (2022). Toolpath-based design for 3D concrete printing of carbon-efficient architectural structures. Additive Manufacturing, 56, 102872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2022.102872","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"issue":"4","key":"70_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1145\/3197517.3201342","volume":"37","author":"C Dai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dai, C., Wang, C. C. L., Wu, C., Lefebvre, S., Fang, G., & Liu, Y.-J. (2018). Support- free volume printing by multi-axis motion. ACM Trans. Graph., 37(4), 134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3197517.3201342","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"issue":"2","key":"70_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2006.01.020","volume":"30","author":"L De Luca","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Luca, L., Veron, P., & Florenzano, M. (2006). Reverse engineering of architectural buildings based on a hybrid modeling approach. Computers & Graphics, 30(2), 160\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cag.2006.01.020","journal-title":"Computers & Graphics"},{"issue":"6","key":"70_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1145\/3414685.3417834","volume":"39","author":"G Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang, G., Zhang, T., Zhong, S., Chen, X., Zhong, Z., & Wang, C. C. L. (2020). Reinforced FDM: Multi-axis filament alignment with controlled anisotropic strength. ACM Trans. Graph., 39(6), 204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3414685.3417834","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph."},{"key":"70_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.03.097","volume":"100","author":"C Gosselin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gosselin, C., Duballet, R., Roux, P., & Gaudilli`ere-Jami, N., Dirrenberger, J., Morel, P. (2016). Large-scale 3D printing of ultra-high performance concrete \u2013 a new processing route for architects and builders. Materials & Design, 100, 102\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matdes.2016.03.097","journal-title":"Materials & Design"},{"key":"70_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.08.275","volume":"63","author":"P Jain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jain, P., & Kuthe, A. (2013). Feasibility study of manufacturing using rapid prototyp- ing: FDM approach. Procedia Engineering, 63, 4\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.08.275","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"70_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2003.08.012","volume":"13","author":"B Khoshnevis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khoshnevis, B. (2004). Automated construction by contour crafting\u2014related robotics and information technologies. Automation in Construction, 13(1), 5\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2003.08.012","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"70_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuipers, T., Doubrovski, E.L., Wu, J., Wang, C.C. (2020). A frame- work for adaptive width control of dense contour-parallel toolpaths in fused deposition modeling. Computer-Aided Design, 128 , 102907, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cad.2020.102907 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0010448520301007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2020.102907"},{"key":"70_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102362","volume":"77","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Y., He, D., Yuan, S., Tang, K., & Zhu, J. (2022). Vector field-based curved layer slicing and path planning for multi-axis printing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 77, 102362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcim.2022.102362","journal-title":"Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing"},{"key":"70_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104012","volume":"81","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wu, H., Xie, X., Zhang, L., Yuan, P. F., & Xie, Y. M. (2024). FloatArch: A cable-supported, unreinforced, and re-assemblable 3D-printed concrete structure designed using multi-material topology optimization. Additive Manufacturing, 81, 104012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2024.104012","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"70_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Alsalem, T., Akbarzadeh, M. (2022). A Method for Designing Multi-Layer Sheet-Based Lightweight Funicular Structures. Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures, 63 (4), 252\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20898\/j.iass.2022.018","DOI":"10.20898\/j.iass.2022.018"},{"key":"70_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Hablicsek, M., Akbarzadeh, M. (2024). Algebraic 3D graphic statics with edge and vertex constraints: A comprehensive approach to extend the solution space for polyhedral form-finding. Computer-Aided Design, 166 , 103620, https:\/\/ doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cad.2023.103620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2023.103620"},{"key":"70_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Seyedahmadian, A., Chhadeh, P.A., Cregan, M., Bolhassani, M., Schneider, J., . . . Akbarzadeh, M. (2022). Funicular glass bridge prototype: design opti- mization, fabrication, and assembly challenges. Glass Structures & Engineering , 7 (2), 319\u2013330, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40940-022-00177-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s40940-022-00177-x"},{"key":"70_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.008","volume":"202","author":"G Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, G., Li, Z., Wang, L., Wang, F., & Sanjayan, J. (2019). Mechanical anisotropy of aligned fiber reinforced composite for extrusion-based 3D printing. Construction and Building Materials, 202, 770\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.008","journal-title":"Construction and Building Materials"},{"key":"70_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitropoulou, I., Bernhard, M., Dillenburger, B. (2020). Print paths key-framing: Design for non-planar layered robotic FDM printing. In Emily Whiting, John Hart, Cynthia Sung, Nadya Peek, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Dan Aukes, Adriana Schulz, Hayden Taylor & Jeeeun Kim (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Fabrication (pp.\u00a01\u201310).\u00a0New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3424630.3425408","DOI":"10.1145\/3424630.3425408"},{"key":"70_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitropoulou, I., Bernhard, M., Dillenburger, B. (2022). Nonplanar 3D printing of bifurcating forms. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , 9 (3), 189\u2013202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2021.0023"},{"key":"70_CR24","unstructured":"Nejur, A., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2018). Constrained manipulation of polyhedral systems. In\u00a0Caitlin Mueller & Sigrid Adriaenssens (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia (pp. 1\u20138).\u00a0Boston, MA:\u00a0International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)"},{"key":"70_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2021.103003","volume":"134","author":"A Nejur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nejur, A., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2021). Polyframe, efficient computation for 3D graphic statics. Computer-Aided Design, 134, 103003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cad.2021.103003","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Design"},{"key":"70_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2023.103781","volume":"77","author":"N Niknafs Kermani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Niknafs Kermani, N., Advani, S. G., & F\u00b4erec, J. (2023). Orientation predictions of fibers within 3D printed strand in material extrusion of polymer composites. Additive Manufacturing, 77, 103781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2023.103781","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"70_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ooms, T., Vantyghem, G., Tao, Y., Bekaert, M., De Schutter, G., Van Tittelboom, K., De Corte, W. (2022). The production of a topology-optimized 3d-printed concrete bridge. Third RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06116-5_6"},{"key":"70_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2019.100894","volume":"30","author":"A Paolini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paolini, A., Kollmannsberger, S., & Rank, E. (2019). Additive manufacturing in con- struction: A review on processes, applications, and digital planning methods. Additive Manufacturing, 30, 100894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2019.100894","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"70_CR29","unstructured":"Robert McNeel & Associates (2023a). Grasshopper.\u00a0https:\/\/www.rhino3d.com\/learn\/?query=kind:%20grasshopper&modal=null"},{"key":"70_CR30","unstructured":"Robert McNeel & Associates (2023b). Rhinoceros 3D.\u00a0https:\/\/www.rhino3d.com\/"},{"key":"70_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwartz, J. (2018). Graphic statics and their potential for digital design and fabri- cation with concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 112 , 122\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.06.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.06.015"},{"key":"70_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharif, S., & Gentry, T.R. (2015). Design cognition shift from craftsman to digital maker. In\u00a0Y. Ikeda, C. M. Herr, D. Holzer, S. Kaijima, M. J. Kim & M. A. Schnabel (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) (pp. 683\u2013692).\u00a0Hong Kong:\u00a0Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52842\/conf.caadria.2015.683","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2015.683"},{"key":"70_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tam, K.-M.M., & Mueller, C. (2017). Additive manufacturing along principal stress lines. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing , 4 , 63\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/3dp.2017.0001","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2017.0001"},{"key":"70_CR34","unstructured":"Teng, T., Zhi, Y., Yu, K.-H., Yang, S., Akbarzadeh, M. (2023). Continuous multi-filament 3D printing for tension-compression structure components. In Y.M. Xie, J. Burry, T.U. Lee & J. Ma (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of IASS 2023 symposium Integration of Design and Fabrication (pp. 126\u2013138).\u00a0Melbourne:\u00a0International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)"},{"key":"70_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103084","volume":"112","author":"G Vantyghem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vantyghem, G., De Corte, W., Shakour, E., & Amir, O. (2020). 3D printing of a post- tensioned concrete girder designed by topology optimization. Automation in Construction, 112, 103084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103084","journal-title":"Automation in Construction"},{"key":"70_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Woensel, R., van Oirschot, T., Burgmans, M., Mohammadi, M., Hermans, K. (2018). Printing architecture: An overview of existing and promising additive manufacturing methods and their application in the building industry. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment , 9 , 57\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18848\/2154-8587\/CGP\/v09i01\/57-81","DOI":"10.18848\/2154-8587\/CGP\/v09i01\/57-81"},{"key":"70_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viswanathan, V., & Linsey, J. (2011). Understanding physical models in design cognition: A triangulation of qualitative and laboratory studies. 2011 Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) (pp.\u00a0S3F-1\u2013S3F-6).\u00a0Rapid City, SD:\u00a0IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE.2011.6142848","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2011.6142848"},{"key":"70_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu, H., Li, Z., Zhou, X., Wu, X., Bao, D.W., Yuan, P. (2022). Digital design and fabrication of a 3d concrete printed funicular spatial structure. In\u00a0Jeroen van Ameijde, Nicole Gardner, Kyung Hoon Hyun, Dan Luo & Urvi Sheth (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2022) (Vol. 2, pp. 71\u201380). Sydney:\u00a0Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52842\/conf.caadria.2022.2.071","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.caadria.2022.2.071"},{"key":"70_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Ji, G., Zhang, Y., Ma, G., Mechtcherine, V., Pan, J., Du, S. (2021). Large-scale 3D printing concrete technology: Current status and future oppor- tunities. Cement and Concrete Composites, 122 , 104115, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104115"},{"key":"70_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101712","volume":"39","author":"J Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao, J., Liu, H., & Ding, T. (2021b). Finite element analysis on the anisotropic behavior of 3D printed concrete under compression and flexure. Additive Manufacturing, 39, 101712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101712","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"70_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan, P.F., Zhan, Q., Wu, H., Beh, H.S., Zhang, L. (2022). Real- time toolpath planning and extrusion control (rtpec) method for variable- width 3d concrete printing. Journal of Building Engineering , 46 , 103716, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103716 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352710221015746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103716"},{"key":"70_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhan, Q., Wu, H., Zhang, L., Yuan, P., Gao, T. (2021). 3d concrete printing with variable width filament. The 39th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe) (Vol. 2, p. 153\u2013160).\u00a0Novi Sad:\u00a0Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2021.2.153","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.ecaade.2021.2.153"},{"key":"70_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, H., & Xiao, J. (2021). Plastic shrinkage and cracking of 3d printed mortar with recycled sand. Construction and Building Materials , 302 , 124405, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124405 Retrieved from https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0950061821021632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.124405"},{"key":"70_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Gu, F., Huang, Q.-X., Garcia, J., Chen, Y., Tu, C., .Chen, B. (2016). Connected fermat spirals for layered fabrication. ACM Trans. Graph., 35 (4), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2897824.2925958","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925958"},{"key":"70_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng, H., Wang, X., Qi, Z., Sun, S., Akbarzadeh, M. (2020). Generating and optimiz- ing a funicular arch floor structure. In\u00a0B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina & M. del Campo (Eds.),\u00a0Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) (Vol.\u00a01, pp.\u00a0208\u2013217).\u00a0Virtual Conference:\u00a0Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52842\/conf.acadia.2020.2.208","DOI":"10.52842\/conf.acadia.2020.2.208"}],"container-title":["Architectural Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T10:22:20Z","timestamp":1724754140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["70"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44223-024-00070-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-6726"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-6726","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Some typos have been corrected, and some redundant texts have been deleted.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no competing interest in this publication and research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}