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Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in a private setting prior to enrollment. Participation was entirely voluntary and did not influence routine clinical care. Data confidentiality was maintained by assigning unique study identifiers and securely storing linkage keys on password-protected, restricted-access institutional servers.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Declaration of AI Assistance. During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI; accessed 11 October 2025) to assist with language editing and reference formatting. The authors critically reviewed and revised all AI-assisted text and accept full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the final manuscript. No AI tools were used for data collection, statistical analysis, or drawing scientific conclusions, and no confidential or personally identifiable data were entered into the tool.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process"}}],"article-number":"27"}}