{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:29:50Z","timestamp":1761762590731},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,4,1]],"date-time":"1984-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":449625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]],"date-time":"2003-03-14T08:02:52Z","timestamp":1047628972000},"page":"235-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Parameter nets"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dana H.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054663","article-title":"Some informational aspects of visual perception","volume":"61","author":"Attneave","year":"1954","journal-title":"Psych. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(81)90009-1","article-title":"Generalizing the Hough transform to detect arbitrary shapes","volume":"13","author":"Ballard","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB3","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","article-title":"Parameter networks: Towards a theory of low-level vision","author":"Ballard","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB4","author":"Ballard","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB5","article-title":"Rigid body motion from depth and optical flow","author":"Ballard","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB6","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","article-title":"On shapes","author":"Ballard","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Critical limiting factors in the design of the eye and visual cortex","volume":"212","author":"Barlow","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1068\/p010371","article-title":"Single units and sensation: A neuron doctrine for perceptual psychology?","volume":"1","author":"Barlow","year":"1972","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1980.4767032","article-title":"Disparity analysis of images","author":"Barnard","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB10","series-title":"Computer Vision Systems","article-title":"Recovering intrinsic scene characteristics from images","author":"Barrow","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90021-7","article-title":"Interpreting line drawings as three-dimensional surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Barrow","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB12","series-title":"Computational approaches to image understanding","author":"Brady","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1977-0431719-X","article-title":"Multi-level adaptive solutions to boundary-value problems","volume":"31","author":"Brandt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Math. Comp."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB14","series-title":"Proc. IEEE Computer Society Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing","first-page":"427","article-title":"How to describe pure form and how to measure differences in shapes using shape numbers","author":"Bribiesca","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB15_1","series-title":"Proc. DARPA Image Understanding Workshop","article-title":"Constraint interaction in shape-form-shading algorithms","author":"Brown","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB15_2","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB16","article-title":"The image irradiance equation: its solution and application","author":"Bruss","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/361237.361242","article-title":"Use of the Hough transform to detect lines and curves in pictures","volume":"15","author":"Duda","year":"1972","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB18","series-title":"The Hashnet interconnection scheme","author":"Fahlman","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB19","article-title":"Memory and change in connection networks","author":"Feldman","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB20","series-title":"Parallel Models of Associative Memory","article-title":"A connectionist model of visual memory","author":"Feldman","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0603_1","article-title":"Connectionist models and their properties","volume":"6","author":"Feldman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(80)90032-5","article-title":"An iconic transform for sketch completion and shape abstraction","volume":"13","author":"Fischler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1145\/359642.359654","article-title":"Synthesizing constraint expressions","volume":"21","author":"Freuder","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB24","author":"Fukunaga","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB25","author":"Grimson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB26","series-title":"Computer Vision Systems","article-title":"Segmentation of natural scenes","author":"Hanson","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB27","article-title":"The connection machine (Computer architecture for the new wave)","author":"Hillis","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB28","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Shape representation in parallel systems","author":"Hinton","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB29","article-title":"Relaxation and its role in vision","author":"Hinton","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB30","article-title":"Determining optical flow","author":"Horn","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB31","series-title":"Proc. DARPA IU Workshop","first-page":"115","article-title":"Calculating the reflectance map","author":"Horn","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB32","series-title":"Method and means for recognizing complex patterns","author":"Hough","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1983.4767390","article-title":"On the foundations of relaxation labeling processes","author":"Hummel","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/h0041403","article-title":"An opponent-process theory of color vision","volume":"64","author":"Hurvich","year":"1957","journal-title":"Psych. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB35","article-title":"Numerical shape from shading and occluding contours in a single view","author":"Ikeuchi","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB36","article-title":"Recovery of the three-dimensional shape of an object from a single view","author":"Kanade","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB37","article-title":"A theory of Origami world","author":"Kanade","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB38","series-title":"Proc. DARPA IU Workshop","first-page":"79","article-title":"Shape from texture: A brief overview and a new aggregation transform","author":"Kender","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB39","series-title":"Proc. 1st Annual Nat. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"4","article-title":"Mapping image properties into shape constraints: Skewed symmetry, affine-transformable patterns, and the shape-from-texture paradigm","author":"Kender","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB40","author":"Koffka","year":"1935"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1145\/360666.360677","article-title":"Finding circles by an array of accumulators","volume":"18","author":"Kimme","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB42","series-title":"Proc. 1st Nat. Conf. on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"31","article-title":"Constraint-based inference from image motion","author":"Lawton","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/293293a0","article-title":"Plummeting gannets: A paradigm of ecological optics","volume":"293","author":"Lee","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB44","author":"Marr","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1976.0090","article-title":"Early processing of visual information","volume":"275","author":"Marr","year":"1976","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB46","series-title":"Computer Vision Systems","article-title":"Representing visual information","author":"Marr","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB47","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence: An MIT Perspective","article-title":"Representing and computing visual information","author":"Marr","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1126\/science.968482","article-title":"Cooperative computation of stereo disparity","volume":"194","author":"Marr","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB49","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","first-page":"661","article-title":"On 3d reconstruction from two perspective views","author":"Nagel","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB50","article-title":"Picture segmentation using a recursive region splitting method","volume":"8","author":"Ohlander","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Image Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1980.4766966","article-title":"Extracting and labeling boundary segments in natural scenes","volume":"2","author":"Prager","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(81)90004-6","article-title":"Determining the instantaneous direction of motion from optical flow generated by a curvilinearly moving observer","volume":"17","author":"Prazdny","year":"1981","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1976.4309519","article-title":"Scene labelling by relaxation operations","volume":"6","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB54","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","article-title":"Design of a highly parallel visual recognition system","author":"Sabbah","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB55","series-title":"Proc. 5th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","article-title":"Analyzing cooperative computation","author":"Hinton","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB56","series-title":"Proc. 4th IJCPR","first-page":"710","article-title":"Generalization of the Hough transform for curve detection in noisy digital images","author":"Shapiro","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB57","series-title":"Proc. 7th IJCAI","article-title":"Dynamically quantized pyramids","author":"Sloan","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB58","series-title":"Proc. 5th Internat. Conf. on Pattern Recognition and Image Processing","article-title":"Experience with the Generalized Hough Transform","author":"Sloan","year":"1980"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-664X(75)80003-7","article-title":"A hierarchical data structure for picture processing","volume":"4","author":"Tanimoto","year":"1975","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"A feature-integration theory of attention","volume":"12","author":"Triesman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB61","author":"Ullman","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(79)90045-5","article-title":"Relaxation and constrained optimization by local processes","volume":"10","author":"Ullman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comput. Graphics Image Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/284412a0","article-title":"The representation of colours in the cerebral cortex","volume":"284","author":"Zeki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB64","article-title":"Labeling lines and links: An experiment in cooperative computation","author":"Zucker","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3_BIB65","article-title":"Relaxation labelling and the reduction of local ambiguities","author":"Zucker","year":"1976"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370284900523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370284900523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T19:51:23Z","timestamp":1553629883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0004370284900523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]}},"alternative-id":["0004370284900523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90052-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,4]]}}}