{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:02:50Z","timestamp":1777953770664,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]],"date-time":"1993-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":730944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]],"date-time":"2003-03-14T13:02:52Z","timestamp":1047646972000},"page":"1-22","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Turing's test and conscious thought"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Michie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB1","author":"Allen","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB2","author":"Anderson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB3","author":"Bratko","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB4","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB5","series-title":"The Oxford Companion to the Mind","article-title":"Consciousness","author":"Dennett","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB6","author":"Dennett","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.C. Dennett and M. Kinsbourne, Time and the observer: the where and when of consciousness in the brain, Behav. Brain Sci. (to appear).","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00068229"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB8_1","series-title":"The Oxford Companion to the Mind","article-title":"Consciousness and causality","author":"Eccles","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB8_2","series-title":"The Oxford Companion to the Mind","article-title":"Consciousness and causality","author":"Sperry","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/XCIX.393.53","article-title":"Subcognition and the limits of the Turing Test","volume":"99","author":"French","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB10","author":"Gregory","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB11","series-title":"Linguistic Theory and Psychological Reality","article-title":"Knowledge unlearned and untaught: what speakers know about the sounds of their language","author":"Halle","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB12","series-title":"Mental Models","first-page":"191","article-title":"Understanding Micronesian navigation","author":"Hutchins","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB13","author":"James","year":"1950"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB14","author":"Johnson-Laird","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB15","article-title":"Editorial introduction to A.M. Turing's chapter \u201cIntelligent machinery\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Michie","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB16_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"The superarticulacy phenomenon in the context of software manufacture","volume":"405","author":"Michie","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB16_2","first-page":"411","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB17","series-title":"The Universal Turing Machine","article-title":"The Fifth Generation's unbridged gap","author":"Michie","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/34.6.559","article-title":"Methodologies from machine learning in data analysis and software","volume":"34","author":"Michie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Computer J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB19","first-page":"96","author":"Ornstein","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB20","series-title":"Ergonomics of Hybrid Automated Systems II","article-title":"Turing on the Turing Test","author":"Parsons","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB21","author":"Popper","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB22","author":"Posner","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB23","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the notion of cause","volume":"13","author":"Russell","year":"1913"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0190-26","article-title":"Is the brain's mind a computer program?","volume":"262","author":"Searle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB25","series-title":"Brain and Mind","article-title":"The tasks of consciousness: how could the brain do them?","author":"Trevarthen","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB26","series-title":"The Oxford Companion to the Mind","article-title":"Split-brain and the mind","author":"Trevarthen","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","article-title":"Computing machinery and intelligence","volume":"59","author":"Turing","year":"1950","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7_BIB28","author":"Whitehead","year":"1911","journal-title":"An Introduction to Mathematics"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370293900327?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370293900327?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:52:47Z","timestamp":1553647967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0004370293900327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}},"alternative-id":["0004370293900327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90032-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]}}}