{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:42:32Z","timestamp":1775457752231,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]],"date-time":"1993-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":728524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,2,1]],"date-time":"1993-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":728524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]],"date-time":"2004-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4041,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,14]],"date-time":"2003-03-14T08:02:52Z","timestamp":1047628972000},"page":"23-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["History of circumscription"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"John","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90068-U","article-title":"Nonmonotonicity and the scope of reasoning","volume":"52","author":"Etherington","year":"1991","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB2","author":"Frege","year":"1879","journal-title":"Begriffsschrift"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90043-9","article-title":"Nonmonotonic logic and temporal projection","volume":"33","author":"Hanks","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB4","unstructured":"Kolaitis and Papadimitriou (198x)."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB5","article-title":"Rational logic and their models: a study in cumulative logic","author":"Lehmann","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB6","series-title":"Proceedings Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes","article-title":"Programs with common sense","author":"McCarthy","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB7","series-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-77","article-title":"Epistemological problems of artificial intelligence","author":"McCarthy","year":"1977"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90011-9","article-title":"Circumscription\u2014a form of non-monotonic reasoning","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90032-9","article-title":"Applications of circumscription to formalizing common sense knowledge","volume":"28","author":"McCarthy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7_BIB10","series-title":"Psychology of Computer Vision","article-title":"A framework for representing knowlege","author":"Minsky","year":"1975"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370293901647?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370293901647?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T14:19:22Z","timestamp":1756909162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0004370293901647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]}},"alternative-id":["0004370293901647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-3702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"History of circumscription","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90164-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1993 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}