{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:34:13Z","timestamp":1767706453770,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,1]],"date-time":"1996-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":820454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,25]],"date-time":"2013-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6415,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-85-K-0124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-85-K-0124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005883","name":"Hertz Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T00:24:09Z","timestamp":1027643049000},"page":"1-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The topology of boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2307\/414449","article-title":"Nouns and countability","volume":"56","author":"Allan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Language"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90008-0","article-title":"Towards a general model of action and time","volume":"23","author":"Allen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB3","series-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-85","first-page":"528","article-title":"A common-sense theory of time","author":"Allen","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627432","article-title":"The algebra of events","volume":"9","author":"Bach","year":"1986","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos."},{"year":"1978","author":"Bennett","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB5"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/027836498400300302","article-title":"Smoothed local symmetries and their implementation","volume":"3","author":"Brady","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Robotics Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB7","first-page":"679","article-title":"A computational approach to edge detection","volume":"8","author":"Canny","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Vision Pattern Recognition"},{"article-title":"An ontology of physical action","year":"1984","author":"Davis","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB8"},{"article-title":"Shape and function of solid objects: some examples","year":"1984","author":"Davis","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB9"},{"year":"1979","author":"Dowty","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB10"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627434","article-title":"The effects of aspectual class on the temporal structure of discourse: semantics or pragmatics?","volume":"9","author":"Dowty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos."},{"article-title":"Boundaries and topological algorithms","year":"1988","author":"Fleck","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB12"},{"article-title":"Topological models for space and time","year":"1990","author":"Fleck","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB13"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00115696","article-title":"A topological stereo matcher","volume":"6","author":"Fleck","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1109\/34.120328","article-title":"Some defects in finite-difference edge finders","volume":"14","author":"Fleck","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB16","series-title":"Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"151","article-title":"Texture: plus \u00e7a change \u2026","volume":"588","author":"Fleck","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB17","series-title":"Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"649","article-title":"Practical edge finding with a robust estimator","author":"Fleck","year":"1994"},{"article-title":"Shape and the wide-angle image","year":"1994","author":"Fleck","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB18"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90038-9","article-title":"Qualitative process theory","volume":"24","author":"Forbus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB20","series-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-87","first-page":"409","article-title":"The logic of occurrence","author":"Forbus","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB21","series-title":"The Study of Time, First Conference of the International Society for the Study of Time","first-page":"324","article-title":"Instants and intervals","author":"Hamblin","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB22","series-title":"Formal Theories of the Commonsense World","first-page":"71","article-title":"Naive physics 1: ontology for liquids","author":"Hayes","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB23","series-title":"Formal Theories of the Commonsense World","first-page":"1","article-title":"The second naive physics manifesto","author":"Hayes","year":"1985"},{"article-title":"Semantics of English temporal connectives","year":"1974","author":"Hein\u00e4m\u00e4ki","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB24"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627435","article-title":"Temporal anaphora in discourses of English","volume":"9","author":"Hinrichs","year":"1986","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB26","series-title":"Algorithmic and Geometric Aspects of Robotics","first-page":"7","article-title":"The challenge of robotics for computer science","volume":"1","author":"Hopcroft","year":"1987"},{"year":"1990","author":"Hoskins","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB27"},{"year":"1969","author":"Hudson","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB28"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB29","series-title":"Tense and Aspect","first-page":"145","article-title":"A unified temporal theory of tense and aspect","volume":"14","author":"Johnson","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB30","series-title":"Semantics from Different Points of View","first-page":"376","article-title":"Events, instants and temporal reference","author":"Kamp","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90037-7","article-title":"A qualitative physics based on confluences","volume":"24","author":"de Kleer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1080\/00029890.1991.12000810","article-title":"A topological approach to digital topology","volume":"98","author":"Kong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Amer. Math. Monthly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90039-0","article-title":"Commonsense reasoning about causality: deriving behavior from structure","volume":"24","author":"Kuipers","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90073-1","article-title":"Qualitative simulation","volume":"29","author":"Kuipers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1987.4767918","article-title":"The local structure of image discontinuities in one dimension","volume":"9","author":"Leclerc","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB36","first-page":"101","article-title":"A temporal logic for reasoning about processes and plans","volume":"6","author":"McDermott","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB37","series-title":"Tense and Aspect","first-page":"191","article-title":"Events, processes and states","volume":"14","author":"Mourelatos","year":"1981"},{"year":"1975","author":"Munkres","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB38"},{"year":"1984","author":"Munkres","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB39"},{"article-title":"Descriptions of image surfaces","year":"1989","author":"Noble","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB40"},{"year":"1977","author":"Pavlidis","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB41"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB42","first-page":"795","article-title":"Visual communication at very low data rates","volume":"73","author":"Pearson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1068\/p140449","article-title":"PMF: a stereo correspondence algorithm using a disparity gradient limit","volume":"14","author":"Pollard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/00029890.1979.11994873","article-title":"Digital topology","volume":"86","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1979","journal-title":"Amer. Math. Monthly"},{"year":"1982","author":"Rourke","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB45"},{"year":"1973","author":"Rushing","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB46"},{"year":"1949","author":"Ryle","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB47"},{"article-title":"Reasoning about change: time and causation from the standpoint of artificial intelligence","year":"1987","author":"Shoham","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB48"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90052-X","article-title":"Temporal logics in AI: semantical and ontological considerations","volume":"33","author":"Shoham","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00351103","article-title":"Tense and continuity","volume":"1","author":"Taylor","year":"1977","journal-title":"Linguist. Philos."},{"article-title":"Grammaticalizing aspect and affectedness","year":"1987","author":"Tenny","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB51"},{"year":"1983","author":"van Benthem","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB52"},{"year":"1967","author":"Vendler","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB53"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90066-4","article-title":"The use of aggregation in causal simulation","volume":"30","author":"Weld","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90077-D","article-title":"Exaggeration","volume":"43","author":"Weld","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90041-9","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of MOS circuits","volume":"24","author":"Williams","year":"1984","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"article-title":"A Semantic Theory of the English Auxiliary System","year":"1976","author":"Woisetschlaeger","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB57"},{"year":"1968","author":"von Wright","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB58"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4_BIB59","series-title":"Algorithmic and Geometric Aspects of Robotics","first-page":"95","article-title":"Algorithmic motion planning","volume":"1","author":"Yap","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370294000514?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370294000514?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T06:34:10Z","timestamp":1762065250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0004370294000514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["0004370294000514"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-3702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The topology of boundaries","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00051-4","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1996 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}