{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:32:34Z","timestamp":1761057154317,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,20]],"date-time":"2000-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":956188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1663,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T22:20:38Z","timestamp":1027635638000},"page":"461-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["An active vision architecture based on iconic representations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Rajesh P.N.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dana H.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.2.000284","article-title":"Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion","volume":"2","author":"Adelson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133571","article-title":"Active vision","volume":"1","author":"Aloimonos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"article-title":"Optic flow from ID correlation: application to a simple time-to-crash detector","year":"1993","author":"Ancona","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB3"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB4","first-page":"996","article-title":"Active perception","volume":"76","author":"Bajcsy","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90080-4","article-title":"Animate vision","volume":"48","author":"Ballard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB6","article-title":"Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition","volume":"1","author":"Ballard","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB7","series-title":"Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Qualitative Vision","article-title":"Object recognition using steerable filters at multiple scales","author":"Ballard","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB8","series-title":"Proceedings Third European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","first-page":"274","article-title":"Seeing behind occlusions","author":"Ballard","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB9","series-title":"Motor Development in Children: Aspects of Coordination and Control","first-page":"187","article-title":"Perception-action coupling in the young infant: An appraisal of von Hofsten's research programme","author":"Beek","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90025-4","article-title":"Inferring surfaces from images","volume":"17","author":"Binford","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB11","first-page":"411","article-title":"Size and distortion invariant object recognition by hierarchical graph matching","volume":"II","author":"Buhmann","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008574","article-title":"Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings","volume":"197","author":"Campbell","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1986.4767851","article-title":"A computational approach to edge detection","volume":"8","author":"Canny","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"year":"1988","author":"Carpenter","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB14"},{"year":"1980","author":"Chatfield","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB15"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB16","series-title":"Eye Movements: Cognition and Visual Perception","first-page":"271","article-title":"The development of strategies of visual search","author":"Cohen","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB17","series-title":"Technical Report 415","article-title":"Real-time gaze holding in binocular robot vision","author":"Coombs","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90065-6","article-title":"Two-dimensional analysis of cortical receptive field profiles","volume":"20","author":"Daugman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vision Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1109\/34.244676","article-title":"High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence","volume":"15","author":"Daugman","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-3203(91)90033-C","article-title":"A computational model of spatiochromatic image coding in early vision","volume":"2","author":"Derrico","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Visual Commun. Image Representation"},{"year":"1988","author":"De Valois","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB21"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB22","series-title":"Proceedings Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"820","article-title":"An integrated approach to feature based dynamic vision","author":"Dickmanns","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB23","series-title":"Proceedings Eight Annual CUNY Sentence Processing Conference","article-title":"Investigating the time course of establishing reference: evidence for rapid incremental processing","author":"Eberhard","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.4.559","article-title":"What is the goal of sensory coding?","volume":"6","author":"Field","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1109\/34.93808","article-title":"The design and use of steerable filters","volume":"13","author":"Freeman","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB26","first-page":"429","article-title":"Theory of communication","volume":"93","author":"Gabor","year":"1946","journal-title":"J. IEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB27","series-title":"Problems in Perception","article-title":"On the insensitivity of the human visual system to image changes made during saccades","author":"Grimes","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB28","series-title":"Proceedings ARPA Image Understanding Workshop","article-title":"An active visual attention system to play \u201cWhere's Waldo\u201d","author":"Grimson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_3_1_008","article-title":"The principal components of natural images","volume":"3","author":"Hancock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Network"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133568","article-title":"Optic flow using spatiotemporal filters","volume":"1","author":"Heeger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"article-title":"The Binford-Horn linefinder","year":"1971","author":"Horn","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB31"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2","article-title":"Determining optical flow","volume":"17","author":"Horn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90023-0","article-title":"Numerical shape from shading and occluding boundaries","volume":"17","author":"Ikeuchi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB34","series-title":"Proceedings Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","article-title":"A new method to calculate looming for autonomous obstacle avoidance","author":"Joarder","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB35","series-title":"Proceedings Second European Conference on Computer Vision","article-title":"A computational framework for determining stereo correspondence from a set of linear spatial filters","author":"Jones","year":"1992"},{"year":"1988","author":"Kanerva","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB36"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB37","series-title":"Associative Neural Memories","first-page":"50","article-title":"Sparse distributed memory and related models","author":"Kanerva","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB38","first-page":"54","article-title":"Computing visual correspondence","author":"Kass","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133572","article-title":"Linear image features in stereopsis","author":"Kass","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB40","series-title":"IEEE Workshop on Computer Architecture for Pattern Analysis and Image Database Management","first-page":"206","article-title":"Texture analysis using two-dimensional quadrature filters","author":"Knuttson","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00364136","article-title":"Operational significance of receptive field assemblies","volume":"58","author":"Koenderink","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318371","article-title":"Representation of local geometry in the visual system","volume":"55","author":"Koenderink","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1117\/12.7972856","article-title":"Principal-component imagery for statistical pattern recognition correlators","volume":"21","author":"Kumar","year":"1982","journal-title":"Optical Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1068\/p050437","article-title":"A theory of visual control of braking based on information about time-to-collision","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"1976","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB45","first-page":"715","article-title":"A model for curvilinear segregation","volume":"32","author":"Malik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (Supplement)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB46","series-title":"Proceedings Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"326","article-title":"A computational model of texture segmentation","author":"Malik","year":"1989"},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information","author":"Marr","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB47"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.10.030187.002051","article-title":"Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex","volume":"10","author":"Maunsell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB49","series-title":"Presentation at Telluride Workshop on Neuromorphic Engineering","article-title":"A neurally-inspired approach to 3-D visual object recognition","author":"Mel","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0687-80","article-title":"The anatomy of memory","author":"Mishkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sci. American"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01421486","article-title":"Visual learning and recognition of 3D objects from appearance","volume":"14","author":"Murase","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB52","unstructured":"D.W. Murray, K.J. Bradshaw, P.F. McLauchlan, I.D. Reid and P.M. Sharkey, Driving saccade to pursuit using image motion, Int. J. Comput. Vision (submitted)."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB53","series-title":"Vision: Coding and Efficiency","first-page":"411","article-title":"The iconic bottleneck and the tenuous link between early visual processing and perception","author":"Nakayama","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB54","series-title":"Proceedings Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology","article-title":"Towards a neural understanding of visual surface representation","volume":"55","author":"Nakayama","year":"1990"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1109\/34.42840","article-title":"Using flow field divergence for obstacle avoidance in visual navigation","volume":"11","author":"Nelson","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"year":"1993","author":"Nitzberg","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB56"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1109\/34.31445","article-title":"Trace inference, curvature consistency, and curve detection","volume":"11","author":"Parent","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB58","series-title":"Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"404","article-title":"Shape information from shading: a theory of human perception","author":"Pentland","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB59","series-title":"Science of Vision","first-page":"422","article-title":"From 2-D images to 3-D models","author":"Pentland","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB60","first-page":"1481","article-title":"Networks for approximation and learning","volume":"78","author":"Poggio","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB61","series-title":"Proceedings ARPA Image Understanding Workshop","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Top-down gaze targeting for space-variant active vision","author":"Rao","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB62","article-title":"Learning saccadic eye movements using multiscale spatial filters","volume":"7","author":"Rao","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB63","series-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-95","article-title":"Natural basis functions and topographic memory for face recognition","author":"Rao","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB64","series-title":"Proceedings International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","article-title":"Object indexing using an iconic sparse distributed memory","author":"Rao","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1995.466929","article-title":"Object indexing using an iconic sparse distributed memory","author":"Rao","year":"1995"},{"article-title":"Task-oriented vision with multiple bayes nets","year":"1991","author":"Rimey","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB66"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90044-0","article-title":"Optimal unsupervised learning in a single-layer linear feedforward neural network","volume":"2","author":"Sanger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.7.001362","article-title":"Do Gabor functions provide appropriate descriptions of visual cortical receptive fields?","volume":"7","author":"Stork","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"year":"1988","author":"Strang","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB69"},{"article-title":"Color indexing","year":"1990","author":"Swain","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB70"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00130487","article-title":"Color indexing","volume":"7","author":"Swain","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB72","series-title":"Proceedings Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","article-title":"Low resolution cues for guiding saccadic eye movements","author":"Swain","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB73","unstructured":"M. Tanenhaus, M. Spivey-Knowlton, K. Eberhard and J. Sedivy, Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension, Science (to appear)."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB74","series-title":"Proceedings Workshop on Motion, Representation, and Analysis","first-page":"15","article-title":"Inexact vision","author":"Thompson","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB75","first-page":"108","article-title":"Dynamic aspects in active vision","volume":"56","author":"Tistarelli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comput. Vision, Graph. Image Process. Image Understanding"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","article-title":"Eigenfaces for recognition","volume":"3","author":"Turk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(84)90023-4","article-title":"Visual routines","volume":"18","author":"Ullman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB78","series-title":"Analysis of Visual Behavior","first-page":"549","article-title":"Two cortical visual systems","author":"Ungerleider","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB79","series-title":"Proceedings AAAI Fall Symposium on Learning and Computer Vision","article-title":"Feature-based recognition of objects","author":"Viola","year":"1993"},{"article-title":"Robust computation of optical flow in a multi-scale differential framework","year":"1992","author":"Weber","key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB80"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(79)90089-3","article-title":"Logarithmic spiral grids for image processing and display","volume":"11","author":"Weiman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB82","first-page":"935","article-title":"A neural system for the recognition of partially occluded objects in cluttered scenes: a pilot study","volume":"7","author":"Wiskott","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7_BIB83","article-title":"The Gaussian derivative theory of spatial vision: Analysis of cortical cell receptive field line-weighting profiles","author":"Young","year":"1985","journal-title":"General Motors Research Publication GMR-4920"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370295000267?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0004370295000267?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T14:18:37Z","timestamp":1756909117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0004370295000267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}},"alternative-id":["0004370295000267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-3702"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0004-3702"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An active vision architecture based on iconic representations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0004-3702(95)00026-7","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1995 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}