{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:49:54Z","timestamp":1770842994734,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]],"date-time":"1990-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":652147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,24]],"date-time":"2003-04-24T17:39:05Z","timestamp":1051205945000},"page":"387-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Acetylcholinesterase activities and monoamine metabolite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Kawakatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Morinobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maso","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Totsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoichi","family":"Kobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.3.216","article-title":"Changes in the brain catecholamines in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type","volume":"135","author":"Adolfsson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB2","first-page":"101","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.5.1309","article-title":"Cholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type","volume":"110","author":"Appleyard","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb00913.x","article-title":"Changes of biogenic amines and their metabolites in postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer type dementia","volume":"43","author":"Arai","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90116-8","article-title":"Decreased ratio of CSF acetylcholinesterase to butyrylcholinesterase activity in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"i","author":"Arendt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230209","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid cholinesterases in aging and in dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"23","author":"Atack","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(83)90302-6","article-title":"Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: selective loss of the intermediate (10S) from","volume":"40","author":"Atack","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800170026005","article-title":"Age and histopathologic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Evidence for subtypes","volume":"44","author":"Bondareff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90048-8","article-title":"Is acetylcholinesterase secreted from central neurons into the cerebrospinal fluid?","volume":"1","author":"Chubb","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(84)90100-X","article-title":"Neurotransmitter receptors and monoamine metabolites in the brains of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia and depression, and suicides","volume":"23","author":"Crow","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB11","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase activity in CSF in schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and normals","volume":"18","author":"Deutsch","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(89)80009-0","article-title":"Choline levels are increased in cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer patients","volume":"10","author":"Elble","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E379","DOI":"10.2116\/bunsekikagaku.32.12_E379","article-title":"Color reaction between pyrogallol red-molybdenum (VI) complex and protein","volume":"32","author":"Fujita","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bunseki Kagaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90562-9","article-title":"Monoamine metabolites in lumbar CSF: The question of their origin in relation to clinical studies","volume":"79","author":"Garelis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB16","first-page":"317","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase activity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of demented patients","author":"Gomez","year":"1985"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000212588","article-title":"A new rating scale for dementia syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Gottfries","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1969.tb05984.x","article-title":"Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia, presenile dementia and parkinsonism","volume":"16","author":"Gottfries","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB19","first-page":"99","article-title":"Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid related to rated mental and motor impairment in senile and presenile dementia","volume":"46","author":"Gottfries","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490510088009","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in dementia","volume":"32","author":"Hachinski","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB21","series-title":"Aging in the Eighties and Beyond. Highlights of the Twelfth International Congress of Gerontology","first-page":"207","article-title":"The clinical assessment of dementia in the aged: A dementia screening scale for psychogeriatric patients","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.6.1065","article-title":"Rapid acetylcholinesterase screening test for neural tube defect","volume":"29","author":"Hay","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1148\/116.1.85","article-title":"The validity of criteria for the evaluation of cerebral atrophy by computed tomography","volume":"116","author":"Huckman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90001-8","article-title":"Cholinesterase in cerebrospinal fluid. Correlations with clinical measures in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"72","author":"Huff","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.4.554","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine markers are decreased in dementia of the Alzheimer type with extrapyramidal features","volume":"38","author":"Kaye","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a135439","article-title":"Specific inhibition of urease by N-acylphosphoric triamides","volume":"98","author":"Kobashi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03910.x","article-title":"CSF choline and acetylcholinesterase in early-onset vs. late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients","volume":"80","author":"Kumar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(85)90095-2","article-title":"Cholinesterase activity in plasma, erythrocytes, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"20","author":"Marquis","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.05.030182.000421","article-title":"The molecular forms of cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in vertebrates","volume":"5","author":"Massouli\u00e8","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(86)90166-8","article-title":"The effect of physostigmine on acetylcholinesterase activity of CSF, plasma and brain. A comparison of intravenous and intraventricular administration in beagle dogs","volume":"25","author":"Mattio","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Report of NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease","volume":"34","author":"McKhann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220603","article-title":"Anatomy of cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer's disease: Effect of physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine on plaques and tangles","volume":"22","author":"Mesulam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(86)90096-1","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia","volume":"75","author":"Nakano","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90018-7","article-title":"Catecholaminergic neurons assessed antemortem in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"414","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.5.481","article-title":"Monamine metabolite concentrations in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of patients with histologically verified Alzheimer's dementia","volume":"47","author":"Palmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230616","article-title":"Possible neurotransmitter basis of behavioral changes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Palmer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02831.x","article-title":"Monoamines and their metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"75","author":"Parnetti","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(86)90038-7","article-title":"Cerebral ventricular size and cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase levels in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"17","author":"Pearlson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB39","first-page":"761","article-title":"Histochemistry Theoretical and Applied","author":"Pearse","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030306","article-title":"Ventricular volume in man computed from CAT scan","volume":"3","author":"Penn","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6150.1457","article-title":"Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia","volume":"2","author":"Perry","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790150033006","article-title":"Norepinephrine and MHPG levels in CSF and plasma in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"41","author":"Raskind","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6422.961","article-title":"Neurochemical characteristics of early and late onset types of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"228","author":"Rossor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.5.538","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases involving cholinergic systems","volume":"50","author":"Ruberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(84)90193-X","article-title":"Reduced cholinesterase activity and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"63","author":"Soininen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1981.tb04392.x","article-title":"Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type","volume":"64","author":"Soininen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90031-9","article-title":"Cell loss in the locus ceruleus in senile dementia of Alzheimer type","volume":"49","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170111","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholinesterase activity in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"17","author":"Tune","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060110040013","article-title":"Serotoninergic system in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Abnormal forms of 5-hydroxy-tryptophan and serotonin in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"42","author":"Volicer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1988.tb06967.x","article-title":"Monoamine metabolite concentrations and cholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid of progressive dementia patients: Relation to clinical parameters","volume":"77","author":"Wester","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410100203","article-title":"Alzheimer disease: Evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis","volume":"10","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.6.645","article-title":"Neurochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"30","author":"Wood","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-S_BIB53","first-page":"1099","article-title":"Concentrations of monoamine and monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection","volume":"34","author":"Yoshino","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain Nerve"}],"container-title":["Biological Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:000632239090407S?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:000632239090407S?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T15:32:59Z","timestamp":1584545579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/000632239090407S"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}},"alternative-id":["000632239090407S"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90407-s","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]}}}