{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T23:34:59Z","timestamp":1780529699972,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]],"date-time":"1993-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":752112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-e","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,10]],"date-time":"2011-04-10T22:01:10Z","timestamp":1302472870000},"page":"1522-1528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Antibodies to soluble liver antigen, P450IID6, and mitochondrial complexes in chronic hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Czaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herschel A.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90030-6","article-title":"Autoimmune features as determinants of prognosis in steroid-treated chronic active hepatitis of uncertain etiology","volume":"85","author":"Czaja","year":"1983","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040641","article-title":"Natural history, clinical features, and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"4","author":"Czaja","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1990.tb01636.x","article-title":"Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: a specific entity? The negative argument","volume":"5","author":"Czaja","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040438","article-title":"Cytoplasmic autoantigens in autoimmune hepatitis: molecular analysis and clinical relevance","volume":"11","author":"Manns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB5","first-page":"23","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic implications of severe corticosteroid-treated cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis","volume":"65","author":"Czaja","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92024-1","article-title":"Characterisation of a new subgroup of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis by autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen","volume":"1","author":"Manns","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115443","article-title":"LKM-1 autoantibodies recognize a short linear sequence in P450IID6, a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase","volume":"88","author":"Manns","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB8","first-page":"8654","article-title":"Identification and analysis of the major M2 autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"85","author":"Fussey","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905253202104","article-title":"Detection of autoantibodies to recombinant mitochondrial proteins in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"320","author":"Van de Water","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3109\/08916938909014705","article-title":"Detection of antimitochondrial antibodies: characterization by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting","volume":"4","author":"Zurgil","year":"1989","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02779336","article-title":"Detection of anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase complex antibody in primary biliary cirrhosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"25","author":"Tsuruya","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91247-4","article-title":"Antibodies against mitochondrial dehydrogenase complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"99","author":"Yoshida","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918181","article-title":"Anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"11","author":"Zurgil","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070626","article-title":"Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver\/kidney microsome antibody type 1: a second type of \u201cautoimmune\u201d hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Homberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90070-L","article-title":"Type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"335","author":"Lenzi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(91)90874-B","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease with autoantibodies to liver-kidney microsomes (LKM). Clinical characterization from idiopathic LKM-positive disorders","volume":"13","author":"Todros","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91332-3","article-title":"Anti-GOR and hepatitis C virus in autoimmune liver diseases","volume":"339","author":"Michel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070631","article-title":"Subdivisions of idiopathic autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"7","author":"Maddrey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB19","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Frequency and signifcance of antibody to hepatitis C virus in severe corticosteroidtreated cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis","volume":"65","author":"Czaja","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91729-N","article-title":"Duration and specificity of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in chronic active hepatitis","volume":"102","author":"Czaja","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91518-9","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antibodies to liver\/kidney microsome type 1 in adults with chronic active hepatitis","volume":"103","author":"Czaja","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296447","article-title":"Frequency and significance of antimitochondrial antibodies in severe chronic active hepatitis","volume":"31","author":"Kenny","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91095-N","article-title":"Clinical and prognostic implications of HLA B8 in corticosteroid-treated severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis","volume":"98","author":"Czaja","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-12-921","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease","volume":"112","author":"Sanchez-Tapias","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(92)90135-C","article-title":"Frequency of antibody to hepatitis C virus in asymptomatic HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"14","author":"Czaja","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore SB, Taswell HF, Homburger HA. Evidence against hepatitis viruses as important causes of severe autoimmune hepatitis in the United States. J Hepatol (in press).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80279-X"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90866-5","article-title":"Clinical features and prognosis of severe chronic active liver disease (CALD) after corticosteroid-induced remission","volume":"78","author":"Czaja","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90862-6","article-title":"Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy of severe hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis","volume":"92","author":"Czaja","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90656-W","article-title":"The nature and prognosis of severe cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis","volume":"104","author":"Czaja","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.11.3815","article-title":"Antimitochondrial antibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis recognize dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase and inhibit enzyme function of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex","volume":"142","author":"Fregeau","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100402","article-title":"Frequency of IgG and IgM autoantibodies to the four specific M2 mitochondrial autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"10","author":"Mutimer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90488-M","article-title":"Primary biliary cirrhosis. Quantitation of autoantibodies to purified mitochondrial enzymes and correlation with disease progression","volume":"99","author":"Heseltine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-E_BIB33","first-page":"S4","article-title":"The target antigen of liver kidney microsomal antibody is different in type II autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and chronic hepatitis C virus infection (abstr)","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:001650859390160E?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:001650859390160E?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T07:14:56Z","timestamp":1686035696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/001650859390160E"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["001650859390160E"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90160-e","relation":{},"ISSN":["0016-5085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0016-5085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}}}