{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T11:26:46Z","timestamp":1747654006176},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,9,1]],"date-time":"1991-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":683683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T17:28:37Z","timestamp":1056994117000},"page":"319-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Computer scheduling algorithms: Past, present and future"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57-58","author":[{"given":"K.M.","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.W.","family":"Wah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB1","series-title":"Future Directions in Computer Architecture and Software Workshop","article-title":"The Design of Load Balancing Strategies for Distributed Systems","author":"Alonso","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1978.1675163","article-title":"Scheduling Heuristics in a Multiprogramming Environment","author":"Appelbe","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB3","series-title":"Proceedings of the SIAM First Conference on Hypercube Computers","first-page":"123","article-title":"ROSES: An Efficient Scheduler for Precedence-Constrained Tasks of Concurrent Multiprocessors","author":"Barhen","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.31.2.381","article-title":"Preemptive Scheduling of a Single Machine to Minimize Maximum Cost Subject to Release Dates and Precedence Constraints","volume":"31","author":"Baker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB5","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Communications","first-page":"10.1.1","article-title":"The Effects of Load Balancing on Response Time for Local Computer Systems with a Multiaccess Network","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB6","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing","first-page":"851","article-title":"Window Protocols for Load Balancing on a System with a Local Multiaccess Network","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB7","series-title":"Introduction of Sequencing and Scheduling","author":"Baker","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1981.1675756","article-title":"On the Mapping Problem","author":"Bokhari","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1109\/32.4634","article-title":"A Taxonomy of Scheduling in General-Purpose Distributed Computing Systems","volume":"14","author":"Casevant","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions of Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1982.235574","article-title":"Load Balancing in Distributed Systems","volume":"Vol. SE-8","author":"Chou","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1980.1653419","article-title":"Task Allocation in Distributed Data Processing","author":"Chu","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1979.1675365","article-title":"Models for Dynamic Load Balancing in a Heterogeneous Multiple Processor System","volume":"C-28","author":"Chow","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB13","series-title":"Theory of Scheduling","author":"Conway","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB14","series-title":"Computer and Job-Shop Scheduling Theory","author":"Coffman","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312961","article-title":"Adaptive Load Sharing in Homogeneous Distributed Systems","volume":"SE-12","author":"Eager","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1982.1654050","article-title":"Heuristic Models of Task Assignment Scheduling in Distributed Systems","author":"Efe","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1980.1675653","article-title":"Job Scheduling in a Single-Node Hierarchical Network for Process Control","author":"Engleburg","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1109\/C-M.1978.217901","article-title":"What is a \u201cDistributed\u201d Data Processing System?","author":"Enslow","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB19","series-title":"Distributed Computing Conference","first-page":"1138","article-title":"Load Balancing in Nest: A Network of Workstations","author":"Ezzat","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1972.223502","article-title":"Parallel Task Execution in a Decentralized System","volume":"c-21","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1145\/356698.356700","article-title":"Deterministic Processor Scheduling","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1977","journal-title":"Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1979.1675246","article-title":"A Note on Open Shop Preemptive Schedules","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB23_1","series-title":"Proceedings of Discrete Optimization","first-page":"47","article-title":"Optimization and Approximation in Deterministic Sequencing and Scheduling","author":"Graham","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB23_2","series-title":"Proceedings of Discrete Optimization","first-page":"98","article-title":"Optimization and Approximation in Deterministic Sequencing and Scheduling","author":"Graham","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1982.1653998","article-title":"A UnixBased Local Computer Network With Load Balancing","volume":"15","author":"Hwang","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB25","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing","first-page":"118","article-title":"Resource Control in a Demand-Driven Data-Flow Model","author":"Jayaraman","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB26","series-title":"Proceedings of the SIAM First Conference on Hypercube Computers","first-page":"111","article-title":"Virtual Time and Time Warp on the JPL Hypercube","author":"Jefferson","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB27","first-page":"34","article-title":"Channel Allocation in Multiple Contention Bus Networks","author":"Juang","year":"1986","journal-title":"INFOCOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1984.1659188","article-title":"Simulated Performance of Reduction-Based Multiprocessors","author":"Keller","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB29","series-title":"Queueing Systems Volum 1: Theory","author":"Kleinrock","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB30","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE COMPCON","first-page":"647","article-title":"A Study of Load Leveling","author":"Kratzer","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.30.1.163","article-title":"On Scheduling Independent Tasks with Restricted Execution Times","volume":"Vol. 30","author":"Leung","year":"1982","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1977.1674756","article-title":"Scheduling Trees in Parallel\/Pipelined Processing Environments","author":"Li","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB33","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Computer Network Performance Symposium","first-page":"47","article-title":"Load Balancing in Homogeneous Broadcast Distributed Systems","author":"Livney","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB34","series-title":"International Conference on Parallel Processing","first-page":"358","article-title":"Task Assignment in Distributed Multiprocessor Systems","author":"Lo","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1982.1675884","article-title":"A Task Allocation Model for Distributed Computing Systems","volume":"C-31","author":"Ma","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB36","series-title":"The 11th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","first-page":"263","article-title":"Scheduling Tasks for Distributed Processors","author":"Mehrotra","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.30.1.116","article-title":"Linear-Time Algorithms for Scheduling on Parallel Processors","volume":"30","author":"Monma","year":"1982","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB38","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing","first-page":"352","article-title":"Optimal Load Balancing Strategies for a Multiple Processor System","author":"Ni","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232489","article-title":"Optimal Load Balancing in a Multiple Processor System with Many Job Classes","volume":"SE-11","author":"Ni","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.231863","article-title":"A Distributed Drafting Algorithm for Load Balancing","volume":"SE-11","author":"Ni","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1145\/358818.358823","article-title":"Medusa: An Experiment in Distributed Operating System Structure","volume":"23","author":"Ousterhout","year":"1980","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.31.3.559","article-title":"Stochastic Scheduling with Release Dates and Due Dates","volume":"Vol. 31","author":"Pinedo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1972.5008918","article-title":"Optimal Scheduling Strategies in a Multiprocessor System","volume":"C-21","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"1972","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1979.1675348","article-title":"Assignment of Task in a Distributed Processor Systemv with Limited Memory","volume":"C-28","author":"Rao","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.1984.234713","article-title":"Dynamic Task Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Distributed Systems","volume":"1","author":"Ramamritham","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/C-M.1978.218272","article-title":"Control of Distributed Processes","author":"Stone","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1985.1676548","article-title":"An Application of Bayesian Decision Theory to Decentralized Control of Job Scheduling","volume":"C-34","author":"Stankovic","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1977.233840","article-title":"Multiprocessor Scheduling with the Aid of Network Flow Algorithms","volume":"SE-3","author":"Stone","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1978.231502","article-title":"Critical Load Factors in Two-Processor Distributed Systems","volume":"SE-4","author":"Stone","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1145\/3149.3156","article-title":"Optimal Static Load Balancing in Distributed Computer Systems","volume":"32","author":"Tantawi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB51","series-title":"National Computer Conference","first-page":"697","article-title":"Distributed Scheduling of Resources on Interconnection Networks","author":"Wah","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB52","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Local Computer Networks","first-page":"55","article-title":"An Efficient Protocol For Load Balancing on CSMA\/CD Networks","author":"Wah","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1985.6312212","article-title":"Resource Scheduling for Local Computer Systems with a Multiaccess Network","author":"Wah","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1985.1676564","article-title":"Load Sharing in Distributed Systems","volume":"C-34","author":"Wang","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB55","series-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on Operating System Principles","first-page":"49","article-title":"The LOCUS Distributed Operating System","author":"Walker","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB56","first-page":"703","article-title":"Multiprocessor Scheduling with Memory Allocation\u2014A Deterministic Approach","author":"Welgarz","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB57","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing","first-page":"404","article-title":"Assigning Processes to Processors in Distributed Systems","author":"Williams","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9_BIB58","article-title":"A Trace Driven Study of Dynamic Load Balancing","author":"Zhou","year":"1986","journal-title":"University of California\u2014Berkeley Technical Report #UCB\/CSD 87\/305"}],"container-title":["Information Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0020025591900859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0020025591900859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T13:24:25Z","timestamp":1552915465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0020025591900859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["0020025591900859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0020-0255(91)90085-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-0255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-0255","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,9]]}}}