{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:19:22Z","timestamp":1775053162667,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,4,1]],"date-time":"1992-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":702086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-v","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,30]],"date-time":"2003-06-30T18:41:01Z","timestamp":1056998461000},"page":"431-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["What is distance and why do we need the metric model for pattern learning?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lev","family":"Goldfarb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(90)90037-L","article-title":"On the foundations of intelligent processes\u2014I. An evolving model for pattern learning","volume":"23","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB2","series-title":"Pattern Recognition: Human and Mechanical","author":"Watanabe","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB3","article-title":"A new approach to pattern recognition","volume":"2","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB4","series-title":"Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis","author":"Duda","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB5","first-page":"53","article-title":"Metric data models and associative memories","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(84)90056-6","article-title":"A unified approach to pattern recognition","volume":"17","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB7","article-title":"Why do we need the auxiliary vector representation for the metric pattern recognition problem?","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB8","first-page":"734","article-title":"A cluster procedure for syntactic patterns","author":"Fu","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE SMC-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.6786615","article-title":"A tree-to-tree distance and its application to cluster analysis","author":"Lu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE PAMI-1"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB10","first-page":"381","article-title":"A sentence clustering procedure for pattern analysis","author":"Lu","year":"1978","journal-title":"IEEE SMC-8"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB11","series-title":"Fuzzy Sets in the Models of Control and Artificial Intelligence","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1968.1054210","article-title":"Logical basis for information theory and probability theory","author":"Kolmogorov","year":"1968","journal-title":"IEEE IT-14"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB13","series-title":"Proc. Fourth UNB Artificial Intelligence Symp.","article-title":"Varifiable characterization of an intelligent process","author":"Goldfarb","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB14","article-title":"Dynamic selection of primitives in the metric model for pattern learning","author":"Dewi","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB15","article-title":"Learning as optimization: a unified paradigm","author":"Chan","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(72)90022-2","article-title":"Simulation of process of forming the language for description and analysis of the forms of images","volume":"4","author":"Muchnik","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB17","series-title":"Einstein: A Centenary Volume","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB18","series-title":"Recognition Methods and their Application","author":"Zagoruyko","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB19","series-title":"Structural Pattern Recognition","author":"Pavlidis","year":"1977"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-V_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(82)90040-6","article-title":"Generalization as search","volume":"18","author":"Mitchell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."}],"container-title":["Pattern Recognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:003132039290091V?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:003132039290091V?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T10:55:55Z","timestamp":1552906555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/003132039290091V"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}},"alternative-id":["003132039290091V"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90091-v","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3203","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,4]]}}}