{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:32:54Z","timestamp":1759336374495},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]],"date-time":"1994-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":783648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,7]],"date-time":"2003-08-07T23:49:30Z","timestamp":1060300170000},"page":"823-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Multiple representations for cartographic objects in a multi-scale tree\u2014An intelligent graphical zoom"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andrew U.","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Timpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB1","article-title":"Fundamentals of spatial information systems","author":"Laurini","year":"1992"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/965105.807470","article-title":"A prototype spatial data management system","volume":"14","author":"Herot","year":"1980","journal-title":"Computer Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB3","series-title":"La graphique et le traitement graphique de l'information","author":"Bertin","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB4","series-title":"Semiology of graphics","author":"Bertin","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB5","series-title":"Rule based cartographic generalization","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001487000096","article-title":"On the problem of placing names in a geographic map","volume":"1","author":"Freeman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intel."},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB7","article-title":"Zur Automatisierung der kartographischen Generalisierung topographischer Daten in Geo-Informationssystemen","author":"Powitz","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB8","series-title":"Zur Automation der Generalisierung topographischer Karten mit besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung grossmasst\u00e4biger Geb\u00e4udedarstellungen","author":"Staufenbiel","year":"1973"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/69.273029","article-title":"Spatial SQL: A query and presentation language","volume":"6","author":"Egenhofer","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB10","author":"Buttenfield","year":"1989","journal-title":"NCGIA Report 89-3"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB11","series-title":"Advances in Cartography","first-page":"15","article-title":"Design of cartographic databases","author":"Frank","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB12","series-title":"The design and analysis of spatial data structures","author":"Samet","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB13","series-title":"Computer graphics, image processing and GIS","article-title":"Applications of spatial data structures","author":"Samet","year":"1989"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1145\/358645.358661","article-title":"Strip trees: A hierarchical representation for curves","volume":"24","author":"Ballard","year":"1981","journal-title":"ACM Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB15","series-title":"Proc. ACM CHI'91 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"189","article-title":"Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information","author":"Robertson","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB16","series-title":"Applications of hierarchical data structures to geographical information systems","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB17","series-title":"Third International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling in Sydney, Australia","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital cartography in the world of commercial publishing","author":"Dobson","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB18","article-title":"Multiple representations from a detailed data-base: A scheme for automated generalization","author":"Beard","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3138\/FM57-6770-U75U-7727","article-title":"Algorithms for the reduction of the number of points required to represent a digitized line or its caricature","volume":"10","author":"Douglas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Canadian Cartographer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB20","series-title":"ACSM\/ASPRS Annual Convention in Denver","first-page":"117","article-title":"Developing an effective human interface for geographical information systems using metaphors","author":"Jackson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB21","article-title":"Visualization of metaphors for interaction with geographic information systems","author":"Jackson","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB22","article-title":"Interaction with attribute data in Geographic Information Systems: A model for categorical coverages","author":"Volta","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB23","first-page":"117","article-title":"Das Auswahlgesetz, ein Mittel zur kartographischen Generalisierung","volume":"14","author":"T\u00f6pfer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Kartographische Nachrichten"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB24","series-title":"The nature of maps: Essays toward understanding maps and mapping","author":"Robinson","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB25","series-title":"First International Advanced Study Symposium on Topological Data Structures for Geographic Information Systems in Cambridge, Mass.","first-page":"1","article-title":"A linguistic approach to map description","author":"Youngmann","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB26","series-title":"Third International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling in Sydney, Australia","first-page":"201","article-title":"Spatial languages","author":"Palmer","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1145\/22949.22950","article-title":"Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information","volume":"5","author":"Mackinlay","year":"1986","journal-title":"TOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1179\/000870485787313063","article-title":"Characteristic traits of the semiotic system \u2018map symbolism\u2019","author":"Schlichtmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cartographic J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB29","series-title":"Spatial Languages","article-title":"Mapping as language or semiotic system: Review and comment","author":"Head","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1559\/152304088783887125","article-title":"The proposed standard for digital cartographic data","volume":"15","author":"Morrison","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Cartographer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB31","series-title":"Gesamtdokumentation","author":"AdV. Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssystem (ATKIS)","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB32","article-title":"Rendering of subdivision hierarchies","author":"Frank","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB33","series-title":"Auto-Carto 9 in Baltimore, MA","first-page":"665","article-title":"A reactive data structure for geographic information systems","author":"Van Oosterom","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB34","series-title":"11th International Conference on Automated Cartography","article-title":"Formalizing importance: Parameters for settlement selection","author":"Flewelling","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"The mathematical theory of communication","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell System Technical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6_BIB36","series-title":"Auto-Carto 8 in Baltimore, MA","first-page":"211","article-title":"How to survive on a single detailed database","author":"Beard","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0097849394900086?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0097849394900086?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T06:59:16Z","timestamp":1552633156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0097849394900086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}},"alternative-id":["0097849394900086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0097-8493(94)90008-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0097-8493"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0097-8493","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}}}