{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:57:01Z","timestamp":1761487021649},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,6,1]],"date-time":"1988-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":581126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,8]],"date-time":"2003-08-08T04:49:55Z","timestamp":1060318195000},"page":"185-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Measuring software design complexity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"D.N.","family":"Card","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.W.","family":"Agresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB1","series-title":"Elements of Software Science","author":"Halstead","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233837","article-title":"A Complexity Measure","volume":"2","author":"McCabe","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(81)90043-1","article-title":"System Partitioning and Its Measure","volume":"2","author":"Belady","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(81)90031-5","article-title":"Measuring the Quality of Structured Designs","volume":"2","author":"Troy","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB5","article-title":"The Software Engineering Laboratory","author":"Card","year":"1982","journal-title":"NASA\/GSFC, SEL-81-104"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.132.0115","article-title":"Structured Design","volume":"2","author":"Stevens","year":"1974","journal-title":"IBM Systems J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB7","series-title":"Proceedings, IEEE Workshop on Quantitative Software Models. Computer Society Press","first-page":"95","article-title":"In search of software complexity","author":"Curtis","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312937","article-title":"Object Oriented Design","volume":"12","author":"Booch","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1981.231113","article-title":"Software Structure Metrics Based on Information Flow","volume":"7","author":"Henry","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312942","article-title":"An Empirical Study of Software Design Practices","volume":"12","author":"Card","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232524","article-title":"System Structure Analysis: Clustering with Data Bindings","volume":"11","author":"Hutchens","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.235430","article-title":"Metric Analysis and Data Validation Across FORTRAN Projects","volume":"9","author":"Basili","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB13","series-title":"Proceedings, IEEE Eighth International Conference on Software Engineering. Computer Society Press","first-page":"372","article-title":"Criteria for software modularization","author":"Card","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1145\/361598.361623","article-title":"On the Criteria to be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules","volume":"15","author":"Parnas","year":"1972","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312880","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Program Design","volume":"12","author":"Rotenstreich","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(81)90046-7","article-title":"Programming Measurement and Estimation in the Software Engineering Laboratory","volume":"2","author":"Basili","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB17","article-title":"CSC\/SD-75\/6057","author":"Computer Sciences Corporation","year":"1975","journal-title":"Graphics Executive Support System User's Guide"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB18","series-title":"Proceedings, IEEE Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering. Computer Society Press","first-page":"94","article-title":"Experiments with computer software complexity and reliability","author":"Potier","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232190","article-title":"Evaluating Software Development by Analysis of Changes: Some Data from the Software Engineering Laboratory","volume":"11","author":"Weiss","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.233495","article-title":"Evaluating Software Engineering Technology","volume":"13","author":"Card","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB21","first-page":"121","article-title":"Software Quality Metrics Based on Interconnectivity","volume":"3","author":"Kafura","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB22","series-title":"Digital Systems Development Methodology","author":"Steppel","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB23","series-title":"Proceedings, IEEE Ninth International Conference on Software and Applications. Computer Society Press","first-page":"111","article-title":"Metrics guided methodology","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1145\/7538.7540","article-title":"Software Complexity Measurement","volume":"29","author":"Kearney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB25","series-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on ADA Applications for the NASA Space Station","first-page":"F.1.3.1","article-title":"Designing with Ada for satellite simulation: A case study","author":"Agresti","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1145\/69605.2085","article-title":"Software Errors and Complexity: An Empirical Investigation","volume":"27","author":"Basili","year":"1984","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1987.233164","article-title":"The Use of Software Complexity Metrics in Software Maintenance","volume":"13","author":"Kafura","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(87)90005-7","article-title":"Resolving the Software Science Anomaly","volume":"7","author":"Card","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Systems Software"}],"container-title":["Journal of Systems and Software"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0164121288900210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0164121288900210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T02:56:12Z","timestamp":1552618572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0164121288900210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]}},"alternative-id":["0164121288900210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0164-1212(88)90021-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-1212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-1212","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,6]]}}}