{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T20:17:05Z","timestamp":1672690625327},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,12,1]],"date-time":"1986-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":533779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microprocessing and Microprogramming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,8]],"date-time":"2003-08-08T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1060318571000},"page":"605-615","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Software metrics: A critical evaluation and an application to Pascal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lecciso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Mainetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Morasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.235271","article-title":"Software Function, Source Lines of Code and Development Effort Prediction: A Software Science Validation","author":"Albrecht","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB2","author":"Apple Inc","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB3","article-title":"Software Quality Measurements","author":"Arthur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB4","article-title":"A Comparison of Measures of Control Flow Complexity","author":"Baker","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234167","article-title":"The Use of Software Science in Evaluating Modularity Concepts","author":"Baker","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB6","article-title":"Quantitative Software Complexity Models: a Panel Summary","author":"Basili","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.235430","article-title":"Metric Analysis and Data Validation Across Fortran Projects","author":"Basili","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.235429","article-title":"Measuring the Productivity of Computer Systems Development Activities with Function Points","author":"Behrens","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB9","article-title":"Halstead's Metrics and ADA","author":"Berard","year":"1984","journal-title":"Engineering ADA"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/988241.988245","article-title":"Measurements of Program Similarity in Identical Task Environments","author":"Berghel","year":"1984","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB11","article-title":"Software Science: una metrica per il software","author":"Bertolotti","year":"1984","journal-title":"Note di Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/987419.987421","article-title":"Impurities in Algorithm Implementations","author":"Bulut","year":"1974","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.204.0372","article-title":"A Perspective on Software Science","author":"Christensen","year":"1981","journal-title":"IBM System Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB14","article-title":"Pascal dal microprocessore al grande elaboratore","author":"Cioni","year":"1981","journal-title":"CLUP"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234166","article-title":"A Simple Experiment in Top-Down Design","author":"Comer","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB16","article-title":"In Search of Software Complexity","author":"Curtis","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.235270","article-title":"Software Metrics: Guest Editor's Introduction","author":"Curtis","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234165","article-title":"Measuring the Psycological Complexity of Software Maintenance Tasks with the Halstead and McCabe Metrics","author":"Curtis","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB19","article-title":"Measuring Applications Development Performance","author":"Drumond","year":"1984","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB20","article-title":"An Investigation into the Effects of the Counting Method Used in Software Science Measurements","author":"Elshoff","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/956003.956006","article-title":"Measuring Commercial PL\/1 Programs Using Halstead's Criteria","author":"Elshoff","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/356715.356717","article-title":"A Review and Evaluation of Software Science","author":"Fitsimmons","year":"1978","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234168","article-title":"A Qualitative Justification for a Measure of Program Clarity","author":"Gordon","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234163","article-title":"Measuring Improvements in Program Clarity","author":"Gordon","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB25","series-title":"Programme in Pascal","author":"Grogono","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB26","series-title":"Elements of Software Science","author":"Halstead","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234161","article-title":"Guest Editorial on Software Science","author":"Halstead","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/953363.953366","article-title":"Natural Laws Controlling Algorithm Structure?","author":"Halstead","year":"1972","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/954373.954375","article-title":"Measurements of Program Complexity by the Pair (Cyclomatic Number, Operator Count)","author":"Hansen","year":"1978","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB30","article-title":"Software Complexity Metrics: a Bibliography and Category Index","author":"Harrison","year":"1984","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/947825.947829","article-title":"A Complexity Measure Based on Nesting Level","author":"Harrison","year":"1981","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/988131.988137","article-title":"A Topological Analysis of the Complexity of Computers Programs with Less than Three Binary Branches","author":"Harrison","year":"1981","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB33","article-title":"On the Relationships among Three Software Metrics","author":"Henry","year":"1981","journal-title":"ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232199","article-title":"An Experiment Study of Software Metrics for Real-Time Software","author":"Jensen","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB35","author":"Jensen","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380110810","article-title":"A Note on the Software Science Length Equation","author":"Johnston","year":"1981","journal-title":"Software Practice and Experience"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/356635.356641","article-title":"Programming Style: Examples and Counterexamples","author":"Kernighan","year":"1974","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/356635.356640","article-title":"Structured Programming with GOTO Statements","author":"Knuth","year":"1974","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB39","article-title":"Progretto di programma in Pascal","author":"Lenzerini","year":"1985","journal-title":"CLUP"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/987335.987340","article-title":"An Independent Test of the theory of Software Physics","author":"Love","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB41","series-title":"Regular Expressions in a Program Complexity Metric","author":"Magel","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB42","article-title":"A Complexity Measure","author":"Mc Cabe","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB43","article-title":"An Extension to the Cyclomatic Measure of Program Complexity","author":"Myers","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234211","article-title":"Quantitative Estimates of Debugging Requirements","author":"Ottenstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB45","series-title":"A Basis for Software Physics?","author":"Payne","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB46","series-title":"A Nesting Level Complexity Measure","author":"Piwowarski","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/948086.948088","article-title":"Automatic Assessment Aids for Pascal Programs","author":"Rees","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB48","series-title":"Estimation des parametres de la production logicielle par \u2026","author":"Ricard","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/947912.947916","article-title":"Defining Software Science Counting Strategies","author":"Salt","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB50","series-title":"Prediction of Software Effort and Project Duration-4 New Formulas","author":"Schneider","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB51","series-title":"Integrated Program Measurement and Documentation Tools","author":"Schroeder","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1983.236460","article-title":"Software Science Revisited: a Critical Analysis of the Theory and Its Empirical Support","author":"Shen","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB53","series-title":"Software Engineering","author":"Sommerville","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB54","series-title":"Program Complexity Measure for Software Development Management","author":"Sunohara","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB55","article-title":"Is Software Science Hard?","author":"Surveyor's Forum","year":"1978","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB56","series-title":"Conference on Software Engineering","article-title":"A Program Complexity Metric Based on Data Flow Information in Control Graphs","author":"Tai","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.161.0054","article-title":"A Method of Programming Measurement and Estimation","author":"Walston","year":"1977","journal-title":"IBM System Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB58","series-title":"Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs","author":"Wirth","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234162","article-title":"An Experiment on Unit Increase in Problem Complexity","author":"Woodfield","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380140306","article-title":"The Application of Halstead's Software Science Theory to Algol 68","author":"Woodward","year":"1984","journal-title":"Software Practice and Experience"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.226497","article-title":"A Measure of Control Flow Complexity in Program Text","author":"Woodward","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234164","article-title":"The Frequency Distribution of Operators in PL\/1 Programs","author":"Zweben","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0_BIB63","article-title":"Metriche del Software: un'esposizione critico-sperimentale ed un'applicazione al Pascal","author":"Lecciso","year":"1985"}],"container-title":["Microprocessing and Microprogramming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0165607486900980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0165607486900980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T02:53:25Z","timestamp":1552618405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0165607486900980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]}},"alternative-id":["0165607486900980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-6074(86)90098-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-6074"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-6074","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,12]]}}}