{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T19:15:36Z","timestamp":1769368536793,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]],"date-time":"1992-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":717897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers & Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-t","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T09:56:18Z","timestamp":1034330178000},"page":"563-579","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Defense-in-depth against computer viruses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Frederick B.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(87)90122-2","article-title":"Computer viruses: theory and experiments","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB2","article-title":"On computable numbers, with an application to the entscheidungsproblem","volume":"2","author":"Turing","year":"1936","journal-title":"London Math. Soc. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(87)90082-4","article-title":"Protection and administration of information networks with partial orderings","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB4","series-title":"Dissertation","article-title":"Computer viruses","author":"Cohen","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB5","series-title":"Conference on Information Sciences and Systems","article-title":"A complexity based integrity maintenance mechanism","author":"Cohen","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(89)90037-0","article-title":"A mathematical theory for the spread of computer viruses","volume":"8","author":"Gleissner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB7","series-title":"A Short Course on Computer Viruses","author":"Cohen","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB8","series-title":"Computer Virus Handbook","author":"Highland","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB9","article-title":"A status report on IBM computer virus research","author":"White","year":"1990","journal-title":"Italian Computer Virus Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB10","article-title":"The computer virus catalog","author":"Brunnstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"DPMA, IEEE, ACM 4th Computer Virus and Security Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB11","series-title":"2nd Annual Invited Symp. on Computer Viruses","article-title":"Current trends in computer virus research","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(89)90070-9","article-title":"Models of practical defenses against computer viruses","volume":"8","author":"Cohen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB13","series-title":"Masters Thesis","article-title":"A new integrity based model for limited protection against computer viruses","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(87)90031-9","article-title":"A cryptographic checksum for integrity protection","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(88)90204-0","article-title":"Some weak points of one past cryptographic checksum algorithm and its improvement","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(91)90040-K","article-title":"A cost analysis of typical computer viruses and defenses","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB16_2","year":"1991","journal-title":"4th DPMA, IEEE, ACM Computer Virus and Security Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(87)90067-8","article-title":"An approach to containing computer viruses","volume":"6","author":"Pozzo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB18","first-page":"369","article-title":"An assured pipeline integrity scheme for virus protection","author":"Page","year":"1989","journal-title":"12th National Computer Security Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB19","article-title":"An overview of computer viruses in a research environment","author":"Bishop","year":"1991","journal-title":"4th DPMA, IEEE, ACM Computer Virus and Security Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB20","article-title":"A summary of results on computer viruses and defenses","author":"Cohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"NIST\/DOD Conference on Computer Security"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1145\/360303.360333","article-title":"Protection in operating systems","volume":"19","author":"Harrison","year":"1976","journal-title":"CACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(91)90080-W","article-title":"A DOS based POset implementation","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1145\/362375.362389","article-title":"A note on the confinement problem","volume":"16","author":"Lampson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB24","series-title":"Secure computer systems: mathematical foundations and model","author":"Bell","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4048(91)90079-S","article-title":"A note on high integrity PC bootstrapping","volume":"10","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB26","article-title":"A fault tolerant approach to computer viruses","author":"Joseph","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. 1988 IEEE Symp. on Security and Privacy"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB27","series-title":"Computer Security Conference","article-title":"A note on the use of pattern matching in computer virus detection","author":"Cohen","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB28","series-title":"Eliminator","author":"Herst","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB29","series-title":"The ASP integrity toolkit: technical support center manual","author":"Cohen","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communications","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x","article-title":"A communications theory of secrecy systems","author":"Shannon","year":"1949","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1952.273898","article-title":"A method for the construction of minimum redundancy codes","volume":"40","author":"Huffman","year":"1952","journal-title":"Proc. IRE"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-T_BIB33","series-title":"Diagnosis and Reliable Design of Digital Systems","author":"Breuer","year":"1967"}],"container-title":["Computers & Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016740489290192T?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016740489290192T?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T23:56:41Z","timestamp":1554940601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/016740489290192T"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}},"alternative-id":["016740489290192T"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-4048(92)90192-t","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}}}