{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T12:20:13Z","timestamp":1773922813783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]],"date-time":"1996-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":838857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Decision Support Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,19]],"date-time":"2003-05-19T16:52:26Z","timestamp":1053363146000},"page":"275-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Formulation of qualitative models using fuzzy logic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Narasimha","family":"Bolloju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB1","series-title":"Approximate Reasoning in Intelligent Systems, Decision and control","article-title":"An Uncertainty Calculus of Expert Systems","author":"Baldwin","year":"1987"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.17.4.B141","article-title":"Decision-Making in a Fuzzy Environment","volume":"17","author":"Bellman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(93)90025-X","article-title":"Computer-Aided Model Construction","volume":"9","author":"Bhargava","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB4","series-title":"Recent Developments in Decision Support Systems","first-page":"211","article-title":"Expert Model Base Systems: Research Directions","author":"Blanning","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB5","series-title":"Current Trends in Management of Data","article-title":"Modelling of Imprecise and Uncertain Information","author":"Bolloju","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB6","article-title":"A Fuzzy Rule-based Decision Support System Environment","author":"Bolloju","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB7","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference for Yourng Computer Scientists","article-title":"A Calculus for Fuzzy Queries on Fuzzy Entity-Relationship Model","author":"Bolloju","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB8","article-title":"Developments in Decision Support Systems","volume":"Vol. 23","author":"Bonczek","year":"1984"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1145\/130994.131002","article-title":"Task-Structure Analysis for Knowledge Modeling","volume":"35","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(93)90065-B","article-title":"Towards a Logical Reconstruction of Structured Modeling","volume":"10","author":"Char","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/320434.320440","article-title":"The Entity-Relationship Model: Toward a Unified View of Data","volume":"1","author":"Chen","year":"1976","journal-title":"ACM Trans. on Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90016-5","article-title":"Heuristic Classification","volume":"27","author":"Clancey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB13","first-page":"9","article-title":"Viewing Knowledge Bases as Qualitative Models","author":"Clancey","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90185-E","article-title":"Notes on Heuristic Classification","volume":"59","author":"Clancey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.33.5.547","article-title":"An Introduction to Structured Modeling Environment","volume":"37","author":"Geoffrion","year":"1987","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"No. 12","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.37.12.1513","article-title":"FM\/SM: A Prototype Structured Modeling Environment","volume":"37","author":"Geoffrion","year":"1991","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90437-M","article-title":"Modelling Class Hierarchies in the Fuzzy Object-Oriented Data Model","volume":"60","author":"George","year":"1993","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00481.x","article-title":"Modelbase Construction with Object-Oriented Constructs","volume":"24","author":"Huh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(94)90054-X","article-title":"Fuzzy Extension of Inheritance Hierarchies","volume":"62","author":"Itzkovich","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(93)90004-M","article-title":"Connectionist Approaches to Inexact Reasoning and Learning Systems for Executive and Decision Support","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB21","series-title":"Recent Developments in Decision Support Systems","first-page":"337","article-title":"Research Issues for Second Generation Knowledge Based DSS","author":"Klein","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(93)90023-V","article-title":"An Object-Oriented Approach to Model Management","volume":"9","author":"Lenard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"No. 12","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/33447.33448","article-title":"Generality in Artificial Intelligence (Turing Award Lecture)","volume":"30","author":"McCarthy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Communications of ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(93)90013-S","article-title":"An Object-Oriented Framework for Model Management and DSS Development","volume":"9","author":"Muhanna","year":"1993","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)90306-9","article-title":"SYMMS: A Model Management System that Supports Model Reuse, Sharing, and Integration","volume":"72","author":"Muhanna","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB26","series-title":"Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence in Decision Support Systems","article-title":"Decision Support Systems and Expert Systems: A Complementary Relationship?","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1987"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1992.11517969","article-title":"An Introduction to the ASCEND Modeling System: Its Language and Interactive Environment","volume":"9","author":"Piela","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB28","series-title":"Expert System Applications","article-title":"A Quantitative Approach to Approximate Reasoning in Rule-based Expert Systems","author":"Prade","year":"1985"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1985.4767656","article-title":"A Computational Approach to Approximate Reasoning and Plausible Reasoning with Applications to Expert Systems","volume":"PAMI-7","author":"Prade","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on PAMI"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB30","article-title":"A Perspective on Decision Support Systems","author":"Raghavan","year":"1988"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.4.4.331","article-title":"MODFORM: A Knowledge-based Tool to Support the Modeling Process","volume":"4","author":"Raghunathan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB32","series-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems Analysis and Design","author":"Tansley","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB33","series-title":"Transactions of the Fifth International Conference on DSS (DSS '85)","article-title":"Integrating Expert Systems and Decision Support Systems","author":"Turban","year":"1985"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB34","first-page":"1220","article-title":"Construction of a Model Formulation Consultant: The AEROBA Experience","volume":"22","author":"Sen","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on SMC"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1992.11517970","article-title":"AEROBA: A Blackboard Approach to Model Formulation","volume":"9","author":"Vinze","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/1042-8143(92)90013-Q","article-title":"KADS: A Modelling Approach to Knowledge Engineering","volume":"4","author":"Wielinga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Knowledge Acquisition"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/64.193050","article-title":"A Task-Based Methodology for Specifying Expert Systems","author":"Yen","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Expert"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.5408575","article-title":"Outline of a New Approach to the Analysis of Complex Systems and Decision Processes","volume":"SMC-3","author":"Zadeh","year":"1973","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(78)90029-5","article-title":"Fuzzy Sets as a Basis for a Theory of Possibility","volume":"1","author":"Zadeh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(83)80081-5","article-title":"The Role of Fuzzy Logic in the Management of Uncertainty in Expert Systems","volume":"11","author":"Zadeh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets and Systems"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1109\/69.43406","article-title":"Knowledge Representation in Fuzzy Logic","volume":"1","author":"Zadeh","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge Engineering"}],"container-title":["Decision Support Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016792369600005X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:016792369600005X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T22:24:14Z","timestamp":1556144654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/016792369600005X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}},"alternative-id":["016792369600005X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-9236(96)00005-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-9236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-9236","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}}}