{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:40:14Z","timestamp":1775281214811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]],"date-time":"1994-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":783648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,1]],"date-time":"1994-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":783648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004316","name":"International Business Machines Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F49620-92-J-0515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F49620-92-J-0515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRI-9116451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRI-9116451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NGT-50420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGT-50420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,8]],"date-time":"2002-10-08T14:03:55Z","timestamp":1034085835000},"page":"777-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Design and analysis of fast text compression based on quasi-arithmetic coding"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Howard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeffrey Scott","family":"Vitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB1","first-page":"6292","article-title":"Method for Adaptively Initializing a Source Model for Symbol Encoding","volume":"26","author":"Arps","year":"1984","journal-title":"IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB2","series-title":"Text Compression","author":"Bell","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1984.1096090","article-title":"Data Compression Using Adaptive Coding and Partial String Matching","volume":"COM-32","author":"Cleary","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comm."},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1966.1053907","article-title":"Run-Length Encodings","volume":"IT-12","author":"Golomb","year":"1966","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB5","series-title":"Image and Text Compression","first-page":"113","article-title":"Context Modeling for Text Compression","author":"Hirschberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB6","series-title":"Image and Text Compression","first-page":"85","article-title":"Practical Implementations of Arithmetic Coding","author":"Howard","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB7","series-title":"Proc. Data Compression Conference","first-page":"351","article-title":"Fast and Efficient Lossless Image Compression","author":"Howard","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1109\/26.61469","article-title":"Implementing the PPM Data Compression Scheme","volume":"COM-38","author":"Moffat","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comm."},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB9","article-title":"Some Practical Universal Noiseless Coding Techniques","author":"Rice","year":"1979","journal-title":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL Publication 79-22"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1109\/18.87000","article-title":"The Zero Frequency Problem: Estimating the Probabilities of Novel Events in Adaptive Text Compression","volume":"IT-37","author":"Witten","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1145\/214762.214771","article-title":"Arithmetic Coding for Data Compression","volume":"30","author":"Witten","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"}],"container-title":["Information Processing & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:030645739490006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:030645739490006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T05:17:31Z","timestamp":1757481451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/030645739490006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}},"alternative-id":["030645739490006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4573"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4573","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Design and analysis of fast text compression based on quasi-arithmetic coding","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Information Processing & Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4573(94)90006-X","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1994 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}