{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T14:59:17Z","timestamp":1770476357004,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,5,1]],"date-time":"1996-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":830908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computers & Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T19:04:40Z","timestamp":1027623880000},"page":"241-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Characterizations of computing careers: Students and professionals disagree"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Valerie A.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Joy Teague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Women and computing","volume":"11","author":"Frenkel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Commun. Ass. Comput. Mach."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB2","first-page":"1315","article-title":"Why are there so few female computer scientists?","author":"Spertus","year":"1991","journal-title":"MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Technical Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB3","article-title":"Women in computer science","author":"Leveson","year":"1989","journal-title":"A Report for the NSF CISE Cross Directorate Activities Advisory Committee"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB4","first-page":"47","article-title":"Becoming a computer scientist","volume":"33","author":"Pearl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Commun. Ass. Comput. Mach."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB5_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Getting women and minorities into computer science","author":"Gruman","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB5_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"Getting women and minorities into computer science","author":"Gruman","year":"1991","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB6","series-title":"Paper presented at the Fifth World Conference on Computers in Education","article-title":"Computer equity: girls, women and computers","author":"Kay","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB7","series-title":"Action for Equity: The Second Decade","first-page":"56","article-title":"Girls and mathematics: a national statement","author":"Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers Inc.","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB8","series-title":"Transforming Science and Technology: Our Future Depends On It","first-page":"244","article-title":"Participation in senior level mathematics and science courses and the issue of gender","author":"Gaskell","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB9","article-title":"The Classroom Climate: A Chilly One for Women?","author":"Hall","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB10","article-title":"The Campus Climate Revisited: Chilly for Women Faculty, Administrators, and Graduate Students","author":"Sandler","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB11","series-title":"Search of Gender Free Paradigms for Computer Science Education","first-page":"47","article-title":"Female students' underachievement in computer science and mathematics: reasons and recommendations","author":"Klein","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB12","series-title":"In Search of Gender Free Paradigms for Computer Science Education","first-page":"71","article-title":"Strategies for involving girls in computer science","author":"Clarke","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB13","series-title":"The Psychology of Sex Differences","author":"Maccoby","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB14","series-title":"Sex Differentiation and Schooling","article-title":"Success in mathematics","author":"Fennema","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB15","series-title":"Action for Equity: The Second Decade Contributions to the Sixth International GASAT Conference","first-page":"301","article-title":"Performance in a nationwide mathematics examination at tertiary entrance level","author":"Reilly","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB16","series-title":"A meta-analysis using w2 and d","first-page":"3","article-title":"How large are cognitive gender differences?","volume":"36","author":"Hyde","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2190\/L4FC-Y6EV-VLUA-7N29","article-title":"Gender-based factors in computing enrolments and achievements: evidence from a study of tertiary students","volume":"5","author":"Clarke","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. educ. Comput. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.43.2.95","article-title":"Cognitive gender differences are disappearing","volume":"43","author":"Feingold","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB19","series-title":"Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association","article-title":"Gender and computers: the beneficial effects of experience and attitudes","author":"Chen","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/0305569880140101","article-title":"Girls, boys and computers","volume":"14","author":"Culley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Educ. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB21","series-title":"Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association","article-title":"Understanding sex differences in middle school computer interest and use","author":"Miura","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB22","series-title":"Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Educational Computing Conference","article-title":"Some disturbing data: sex differences in computer use","author":"Parker","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB23","series-title":"The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit","author":"Turkle","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB24","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Age"},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/0013191840360107","article-title":"Observing sex stereotypes and interactions in the school lab and workshop","volume":"36","author":"Whyte","year":"1984","journal-title":"Educ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB26","first-page":"207","article-title":"Where have all the girls gone?","author":"Lovegrove","year":"1987","journal-title":"Univ. Comput."},{"issue":"No. 17\u201319","key":"10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8_BIB27","first-page":"22","article-title":"Gender, mathematics and science","volume":"18","author":"Linn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Educ. Res."}],"container-title":["Computers & Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0360131596000048?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0360131596000048?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T02:23:21Z","timestamp":1555986201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0360131596000048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}},"alternative-id":["0360131596000048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0360-1315(96)00004-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,5]]}}}