{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T17:32:07Z","timestamp":1717349527139},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,1]],"date-time":"1989-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":623203200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T19:38:56Z","timestamp":1034019536000},"page":"143-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Cloze procedure: An assessment of the understandability of data processing texts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Guillemette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure: A Methodology for Determining the Understandability of Accounting Textbooks","volume":"Vol. 59","author":"Adelberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Accounting Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1985.11517734","article-title":"Managing the Risks Associated With End-User Computing","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Alavi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB3","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Cloze Procedure [Ebbinghaus Completion Method] as Applied to Reading","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Alderson","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB4","author":"American National Standards Institute, Inc.","year":"1985","journal-title":"American National Standard for Information Systems - Programming Language- COBOL, ANSI X3.23-1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB5","series-title":"Human Error in Computer Systems","author":"Bailey","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/10862967009546900","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure: A Conspectus","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Bickley","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Reading Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB7","series-title":"Software Engineering Economics","author":"Boehm","year":"1981"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1965.tb00399.x","article-title":"Optimum Sample Size and Cloze Test Length in Readability Measurement","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Bormuth","year":"1965","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2307\/747021","article-title":"Readability: A New Approach","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Bormuth","year":"1966","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB10","first-page":"291","article-title":"Comparable Cloze and Multiple-Choice Comprehension Test Scores","volume":"Vol. 10","author":"Bormuth","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journal of Reading"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB11","first-page":"429","article-title":"The Cloze Readability Procedure","volume":"Vol. 45","author":"Bormuth","year":"1968","journal-title":"Elementary English"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3984.1968.tb00625.x","article-title":"Cloze Test Readability: Criterion Reference Scores","volume":"Vol. 5","author":"Bormuth","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Measurement"},{"issue":"No. 6","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB13","first-page":"15","article-title":"Standardizing Procedure Documentation","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Campbell","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB14","first-page":"293","article-title":"Measuring Readability and Reading Ability in Order to Predict Comprehension","author":"Carver","year":"1976","journal-title":"Twenty-fifth Yearbook of the National Reading Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB15","series-title":"Readability: An Appraisal of Research and Application","author":"Chall","year":"1958"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB16","first-page":"33","article-title":"Readability of Community College Textbooks","volume":"Vol. 16","author":"Cline","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Reading"},{"issue":"No. 6","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1983.tb03516.x","article-title":"A Study of the Match Between the Stylistic Difficulty of Technical Documents and the Reading Skills of Technical Personnel","volume":"Vol. 62","author":"Coke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bell System Technical Journal"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.1986.6448997","article-title":"Results of a Telephone Survey of Technical Documentation Users","volume":"Vol. 29","author":"Compton","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication"},{"issue":"No. 1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(84)90050-5","article-title":"A Preliminary Investigation of the Use of the Cloze Procedure as a Measure of Program Understanding","volume":"Vol. 20","author":"Cook","year":"1984","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB20_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"A Formula for Predicting Readability","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Dale","year":"1948","journal-title":"Educational Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB20_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"A Formula for Predicting Readability","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Dale","year":"1948","journal-title":"Educational Research Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB21","article-title":"CIS '86 The DPMA Model Curriculum for Undergraduate Computer Information Systems","author":"Data Processing Management Association","year":"1986"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2307\/747483","article-title":"On the Failure of Readability Formulas to Define Readable Texts: A Case Study From Adaptations","volume":"Vol. 17","author":"Davison","year":"1982","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/TPC.1981.6447816","article-title":"Making Written Information Fit Workers' Purposes","volume":"Vol. 24","author":"Diehl","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1145\/952980.808621","article-title":"Using the Cloze Procedure to Assess Program Reading Comprehension","volume":"Vol. 16","author":"Entin","year":"1984","journal-title":"ACM SIGCSE Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1037\/h0057532","article-title":"A New Readability Yardstick","volume":"Vol. 32","author":"Flesch","year":"1948","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB26","series-title":"The Art of Readable Writing","author":"Flesch","year":"1949"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB27","series-title":"Utility and Use of Large-Scale Mathematical Models","first-page":"15","article-title":"Review of the non-DOD Modeling Report","author":"Fromm","year":"1979"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1981.230831","article-title":"Persistent Software Errors","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"Glass","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1986.tb00369.x","article-title":"The Effects of Software Inspections on a Major Telecommunications Project","volume":"Vol. 65","author":"Graden","year":"1986","journal-title":"AT&T Technical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB30","series-title":"What Makes a Book Readable","author":"Gray","year":"1935"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB31","first-page":"211","article-title":"Barriers to the Adoption of Application Software Packages","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Gross","year":"1984","journal-title":"Systems, Objectives, Solutions"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1145\/1017816.1017820","article-title":"Predicting Readability of Data Processing Written Materials","volume":"Vol. 18","author":"Guillemette","year":"1987","journal-title":"DATA BASE"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/47.21861","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure: Assessing the Understandability of an IEEE Standard","volume":"Vol. 32","author":"Guillemette","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312957","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure and Software Comprehensability Measurement","volume":"Vol. 12","author":"Hall","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB35","series-title":"Data Processing Documentation: Standards, Procedures and Applications","author":"Harper","year":"1973"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1145\/382128.382940","article-title":"Structured Writing-An Approach to the Documentation of Computer Software","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"Horn","year":"1981","journal-title":"ACM SIGDOC Asterisk"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB37","first-page":"113","article-title":"Documentation \u2014 That Most Onerous of Chores","volume":"Vol. 22","author":"Jepsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Computer Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB38","series-title":"Reading Comprehension Assessments: A Cognitive Basis","author":"Johnston","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB39","series-title":"The Measurement of Readability","author":"Klare","year":"1963"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2307\/747086","article-title":"Assessing Readability","volume":"Vol. 10","author":"Klare","year":"1975","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Readable Technical Writing: Some Observations","volume":"Vol. 24","author":"Klare","year":"1977","journal-title":"Technical Communication"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044458","article-title":"The Relationship of Style Difficulty to Immediate Retention and to Acceptability of Technical Material","volume":"Vol. 46","author":"Klare","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB43","first-page":"176","article-title":"Analysis of the Readability Level of Selected USAFI Instructional Materials","volume":"Vol. 67","author":"Klare","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(83)80060-1","article-title":"On the Readability of COBOL Manuals","volume":"Vol. 19","author":"Lemos","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1145\/2786.2788","article-title":"Rating the Major Computing Periodicals on Readability","volume":"Vol. 28","author":"Lemos","year":"1985","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB46","series-title":"Software Maintenance Management: A Study of the Maintenance of Computer Application Software in 487 Data Processing organizations","author":"Lientz","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1961.9916464","article-title":"Contextual Constraint in English Prose Paragraphs","volume":"Vol. 51","author":"MacGinitie","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB48","series-title":"An Intoduction to the Cloze Procedure: An Annotated Bibliography","author":"McKenna","year":"1980"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/00140136608964376","article-title":"Comparing Styles of Presenting Technical Information","volume":"Vol. 9","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB50","first-page":"639","article-title":"SMOG Grading \u2014 A New Readability Formula","volume":"Vol. 12","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Reading"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB51","first-page":"181","article-title":"Stability of Cloze Scores Across Varying Deletion Patterns","author":"Meredith","year":"1978","journal-title":"Twenty-seventh Yearbook of the National Reading Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(81)80054-5","article-title":"Why Interactive Computer Systems Are Sometimes Not Used By People Who Might Benefit From Them","volume":"Vol. 15","year":"1981","journal-title":"International Journal of Man-Machine Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB53","first-page":"45","article-title":"Validation of the Cloze Procedure as a Measure of Readability with High School, Trade School, and College Populations","author":"Peterson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Twenty-first Yearbook of the National Reading Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB54","series-title":"Approaches to the Information Evaluation of Reading","first-page":"53","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure as an Informal Assessment Technique","author":"Pikulski","year":"1982"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.1987.229789","article-title":"Classifying Software for Reusability","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Prieto-Diaz","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB56","first-page":"66","article-title":"Tax Textbook Readability: An Application of the Cloze Method","author":"Raabe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Taxation Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB57","series-title":"Fourteenth Yearbook of the National Reading Conference","first-page":"133","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure - A Survey of Research","author":"Rankin","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB58","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Cloze Procedure Revisited","author":"Rankin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Twenty-third Yearbook of the National Reading Conference"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB59","first-page":"46","article-title":"The Place of Readability Formulas in Technical Communication","volume":"Vol. 32","author":"Redish","year":"1985","journal-title":"Technical Communication"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1080\/0013188810230206","article-title":"Cloze Procedure: A Review","volume":"Vol. 23","author":"Robinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Educational Research"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2307\/1981594","article-title":"Complexity as an Impediment to Learning: A Study of Changes in Selected College Textbooks","volume":"Vol. 48","author":"Santa","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Higher Education"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1984.5010283","article-title":"Empirical Studies of Programming Knowledge","volume":"Vol. 10","author":"Soloway","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2307\/746993","article-title":"Project REALISTIC: Determination of Adult Functional Literacy Skill Levels","volume":"Vol. 7","author":"Sticht","year":"1972","journal-title":"Reading Research Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB64","first-page":"135","article-title":"A Study of Readability Measurement - Application of Cloze Procedure to Japanese Language","volume":"Vol. 28","author":"Sukeyori","year":"1957","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/107769905303000401","article-title":"Cloze Procedure: A New Tool For Measuring Readability","volume":"Vol. 30","author":"Taylor","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/107769905603300106","article-title":"Recent Developments in the Use of Cloze Procedure","volume":"Vol. 33","author":"Taylor","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/107769905603300106","article-title":"Recent Developments in the Use of Cloze Procedure","volume":"Vol. 33","author":"Taylor","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journalism Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB67","article-title":"Improvement Needed in Documenting Federal Computer Systems","author":"U.S. GAO","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB68","series-title":"Readability of Textual Material - A Survey of the Literature","author":"Williams","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB69","unstructured":"J. Wilton, \u201cWhat PC Users Say About Documentation\u201d Proceedings of the 1985 International Communication Conference pp. RET-10-12."},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5_BIB70","first-page":"20","article-title":"Testing: How to Increase the Usability of Computer Manuals","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Winbush","year":"1980","journal-title":"Technical Communication"}],"container-title":["Information & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0378720689900165?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0378720689900165?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T16:01:40Z","timestamp":1583424100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0378720689900165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}},"alternative-id":["0378720689900165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-7206(89)90016-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10]]}}}