{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:35:25Z","timestamp":1769016925265,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T14:47:22Z","timestamp":1034347642000},"page":"29-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The status of marketing information systems, decision support systems and expert systems in the marketing function of U.S. firms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Higby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Badie N.","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB1","first-page":"47","article-title":"How Marketers Use Microcomputers \u2014 Now and In the Future","volume":"Vol. 68","author":"Berry","year":"1983","journal-title":"Business Marketing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB2","series-title":"Marketing in Motion: Relevance in Marketing","first-page":"163","article-title":"Marketing Information Systems: Current Status in American Industry","author":"Boone","year":"1971"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2307\/1249757","article-title":"Marketing Information Systems: A New Dimension for Marketing Research","volume":"Vol. 23","author":"Brien","year":"1968","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-8501(86)90046-5","article-title":"A Decision-Support System for Evaluating Sales Prospects and Launch Strategies for New Products","volume":"Vol. 15","author":"Choffray","year":"1986","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, Robert H., \u201cSalesforce Support Systems: Potential Applications to Increase Productivity,\u201d Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Summer), 49\u201354.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723402"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB6","first-page":"163","article-title":"Decision Systems for Marketers","volume":"Vol. 11","author":"Conlon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Marketing Communications"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB7","first-page":"145","article-title":"How to Build A Marketing Information System","volume":"Vol. 45","author":"Cox","year":"1967","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB8","first-page":"17","article-title":"Matrix Models for Marketing Planning: An Update and Expansion","volume":"Vol. 25","author":"Crissy","year":"1977","journal-title":"MSU Business Topics"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB9","first-page":"55","article-title":"A Framework for Management Information Systems","volume":"Vol. 13","author":"Gorry","year":"1971","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1108\/eb008169","article-title":"Decision Support Systems: Advantages in Consumer Marketing Settings","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Goslar","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Journal of Consumer Marketing"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB11","first-page":"116","article-title":"A Decision-Support System for Developing Retail Promotional Strategy","volume":"Vol. 59","author":"Green","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Retailing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB12","first-page":"52","article-title":"Computerized Consultants","author":"Kastiel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Business Marketing"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-6813(66)90007-3","article-title":"A Design for the Firm's Marketing Nerve Center","volume":"Vol. 9","author":"Kotler","year":"1966","journal-title":"Business Horizons"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB14","first-page":"RC-6","article-title":"New Techniques and Changes in Research Design \u2014 Their Impact on the Brand and Advertising Development Decision Processes","volume":"Vol. 26","author":"Knuckles","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB15","first-page":"RC10","article-title":"Plan Based Decision Support Systems","volume":"Vol. 27","author":"Knuckles","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB16","series-title":"Decision Support for Marketing Managers","author":"Little","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2307\/1250143","article-title":"Decision Support Systems for Marketing Managers","volume":"Vol. 43","author":"Little","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB18","first-page":"168","article-title":"New Gold Mines and Mindfields in Marketing Research","volume":"Vol. 64","author":"Lodish","year":"1986","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2307\/1251113","article-title":"A User-Oriented Model for Sales Force Size, Product, and Market Allocations","volume":"Vol. 44","author":"Lodish","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2307\/41164997","article-title":"Marketing Information Systems: Uses in the Fortune 500","volume":"Vol. 25","author":"McLeod","year":"1982","journal-title":"California Management Review"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1985.11517715","article-title":"Marketing Information Systems: Their Current Status in Fortune 1000 Companies","volume":"Vol. 15","author":"McLeod","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB22","unstructured":"Marketing News, \u201cLab to Work Marketing-Oriented Expert Systems,\u201d Vol. 21, No. 1 (January 2), 7."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mentzer, John T., Camille P. Schuster Usage and David J. Roberts, \u201cMicrocomputers Versus Mainframe Usage Marketing Professionals,\u201d Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Spring), 57\u201375.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723396"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB24","first-page":"510","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems: Any Application for Marketing and Marketing Research","volume":"Vol. 14","author":"Schwoerer","year":"1986","journal-title":"European Research"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(85)90043-6","article-title":"Decision Support for Marketing Research and Corporate Planning","volume":"Vol. 8","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Information and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/248957","article-title":"A Framework for the Development of Decision Support Systems","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Spraque","year":"1980","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinberg, Margery and Richard E. Plank, \u201cExpert Systems: The Integrative Sales Management Tool of the Future,\u201d Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Summer), 52\u201362.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723403"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB28","first-page":"58","article-title":"Account Analysis Yields Better Promotion Tactics","volume":"Vol. 19","author":"Stern","year":"1985","journal-title":"Marketing News"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB29","first-page":"53","article-title":"Marketers and the P.C.: Steady as She Goes","author":"Taylor","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sales and Marketing Management"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB30","first-page":"45","article-title":"Expert Systems: What They Mean to the Executive","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Turban","year":"1985","journal-title":"Newmanagement"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-W_BIB31","first-page":"74","article-title":"Decision Support Systems Contribute to Better Marketing","volume":"Vol. 12","author":"Van Nievelt","year":"1984","journal-title":"European Research"}],"container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:037872069190025W?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:037872069190025W?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T02:20:21Z","timestamp":1554949221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/037872069190025W"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["037872069190025W"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-7206(91)90025-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}