{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T03:44:29Z","timestamp":1760586269110},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,10,1]],"date-time":"1992-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":717897600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information & Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-f","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]],"date-time":"2002-10-07T15:38:56Z","timestamp":1034005136000},"page":"183-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Software tasks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Robert L","family":"Glass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Vessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue A","family":"Conger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB1","first-page":"339","article-title":"System Quality Through Structured Programming","author":"Baker","year":"1972","journal-title":"AFIPS Conference Proceedings FJCC"},{"issue":"No. 2","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0164-1212(91)90050-G","article-title":"An Overview of Automated Software Testing","volume":"Vol. 15","author":"Bertolino","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Systems and Software"},{"issue":"No. 8","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.31.8.970","article-title":"The Effects of Task Size and Similarity on the Decision Behavior of Bank Loan Officers","volume":"Vol. 31","author":"Biggs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB4","series-title":"Software Engineering with Ada","author":"Booch","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB5","series-title":"Software Requirements","author":"Brackett","year":"1989"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1987.1663532","article-title":"No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering","volume":"Vol. 20","author":"Brooks","year":"1987","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB7","first-page":"45","article-title":"CIO: Hype and Reality","author":"Caldwell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Information Week"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB8","series-title":"Application Packages Revisited","volume":"Vol. 9","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales","volume":"Vol. 20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB10","series-title":"Structured Analysis and Design Specification","author":"DeMarco","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB11","first-page":"118","article-title":"Peopleware","author":"DeMarco","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB12","series-title":"Proceedings of GUIDE 48","article-title":"Application Maintenance Study: Report to Our Respondents","author":"Fjelstad","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB13","series-title":"Structured Systems Analysis: Tools and Techniques","author":"Gane","year":"1979"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1145\/62065.62073","article-title":"System Structure and Software Maintenance Performance","volume":"Vol. 32","author":"Gibson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1.3.227","article-title":"Dimensions of IS Planning and Design Technology","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Henderson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB16","series-title":"Managing for Innovation: Leading Technical People","author":"Humphrey","year":"1987"},{"issue":"No. 4","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2307\/249327","article-title":"Manager or Technician?: The Nature of the Information Systems Manager's Job","volume":"Vol. 5","author":"Ives","year":"1981","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB18","series-title":"System Development","author":"Jackson","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0503_3","article-title":"Expertise and Error in Diagnostic Reasoning","volume":"Vol. 5","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cognitive Science"},{"issue":"No. 1","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB20","first-page":"14","article-title":"Why Choose CASE?","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Jones","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Programmer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB21","series-title":"Application Development Without Programmers","author":"Martin","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB22","first-page":"251","article-title":"Computer Science Education Today: A Dialogue","volume":"Vol. 28","author":"Martin","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB23","series-title":"Structured Techniques: The Basis for CASE","author":"Martin","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB24","first-page":"56","article-title":"More on MBAs in MIS","author":"MBA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Information Week"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB25","first-page":"51","article-title":"The CASE for Structured Development","author":"McClure","year":"1988","journal-title":"PC Tech Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB26","series-title":"CASE is Software Automation","author":"McClure","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB27","series-title":"Industrial Psychology","author":"McCornick","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB28","series-title":"Human Problem Solving","author":"Newell","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB29","series-title":"Modern Software Engineering: Foundations and Current Perspectives","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB30","series-title":"The Practical Guide to Structured Systems Design","author":"Page-Jones","year":"1980"},{"issue":"No. 5","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB31","first-page":"432","article-title":"Software Aspects of Strategic Defense Systems","volume":"Vol. 73","author":"Parnas","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1985.232209","article-title":"The Modular Structure of Complex Systems","volume":"Vol. 11","author":"Parnas","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"No. 8","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/2.75","article-title":"Automatic Programming: Myths and Prospects","volume":"Vol. 21","author":"Rich","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB34","series-title":"The Mind at Work: Psychological Ergonomics","author":"Singleton","year":"1989"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB35","first-page":"14","article-title":"The New CASE Development Life Cycle","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Souza","year":"1990","journal-title":"Software Engineering: Tools. Techniques, Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB36","article-title":"Scaling Up: A Research Agenda for Software Engineering","author":"USNRC","year":"1990","journal-title":"Computer Science and Technology Board, U.S. National Research Council"},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2307\/248950","article-title":"Knowledge as a Basis for Expertise in Systems Analysis: An Empirical Study","volume":"Vol. 9","author":"Vitalari","year":"1985","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB38","series-title":"Understanding the Professional Programmer","author":"Weinberg","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB39","series-title":"Systems Analysis and Design Methods","author":"Whitten","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1979.234162","article-title":"An Experiment on Unit Increase in Program Complexity","author":"Woodfield","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"},{"issue":"No. 9","key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1145\/48529.48533","article-title":"Comparison of Analysis Techniques for Information Requirement Determination","volume":"Vol. 31","author":"Yadav","year":"1988","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB42","series-title":"Modern Structured Analysis","author":"Yourdon","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-F_BIB43","series-title":"Structured Design","author":"Yourdon","year":"1979"}],"container-title":["Information & Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:037872069290043F?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:037872069290043F?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T22:20:48Z","timestamp":1554934848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/037872069290043F"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}},"alternative-id":["037872069290043F"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-7206(92)90043-f","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,10]]}}}