{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:56:48Z","timestamp":1779249408352,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]],"date-time":"1993-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":752112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T12:11:39Z","timestamp":1034338299000},"page":"273-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluating cost\/utilization of organizations' information systems and users"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Israel","family":"Borovits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Giladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/248961","article-title":"A systematic Approach Toward Assessing the Value of an Information System","author":"Ahituv","year":"1980","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB2","unstructured":"N. Ahituv and Z. Neumann, Principles of Information Systems for Management, 3rd ed., WCB Publishers, Iowa."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB3","unstructured":"G. Anderla and A. Dunning, Computer Strategies 1990\/9: Technologies-Costs-Markets, John Wiley & Sons, NY, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB4","unstructured":"I. Borovits, Management of Computer Operations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New-Jersey."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB5","unstructured":"I. Borovits and A. Chmura, \u201cCost\/Utilization: A Measure of Computer Information System Performance\u201d, in R. Goldberg and H. Lorin, The Economics of Information Processing, John Wiley, pp. 35\u201337."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Borovits and P. Ein-Dor, \u201cCost\/Utilization: A Measure of System Performance\u201d, Communications of the ACM, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 185\u2013191.","DOI":"10.1145\/359436.359452"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.G. Doll and G. Torkzadeh, \u201cThe Measurement of Computing Satisfaction\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 2.","DOI":"10.2307\/248851"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB8","unstructured":"P. Ein-Dor, \u201cHardware Versus Software Costs: The Composition of Data Processing Budgets\u201d, Working Paper No. 942\/87, The Israel Institute of Business Research, Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB9","unstructured":"P. Ein-Dor and C.R. Jones, Information Systems Management: Analytical Tools and Techniques, Elsevier, NY, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB10","unstructured":"D. Ferrari, Computer Systems Performance Evaluation, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New-Jersey."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB11","unstructured":"R. Jain, The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis: Techniques for Experimental Design, Measurement, Simulation and Modeling, Wiley, New-York, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Neumann and E. Segev, \u201cA Case Study of User Evaluation of Information Characteristics for Systems Improvement\u201d, Information and Management, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 271\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(79)90025-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.F. Rockart and L.S. Flannery, \u201cThe Management of End User Computing\u201d, Communication of the ACM, Vol. 26, No. 10.","DOI":"10.1145\/358413.358429"},{"key":"10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.B. Rouse, \u201cOn Meaningful Menus for Measurement: Disentangling Evaluation Issues in System Design\u201d, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 23, No. 6.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5472-7_8"}],"container-title":["Information &amp; Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0378720693900766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0378720693900766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T14:42:10Z","timestamp":1583419330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0378720693900766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}},"alternative-id":["0378720693900766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-7206(93)90076-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]}}}