{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:17:48Z","timestamp":1768436268974,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,5,1]],"date-time":"1994-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":767750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,19]],"date-time":"2013-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7019,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Logic Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T23:47:32Z","timestamp":1027640852000},"page":"73-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Logic programming and knowledge representation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19-20","author":[{"given":"Chitta","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gelfond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-1990-13103","article-title":"Arithmetic Classification of Perfect Models of Stratified Programs","volume":"13","author":"Apt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"issue":"3,4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037168","article-title":"Acyclic Programs","volume":"9","author":"Apt","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB3","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"89","article-title":"Towards a Theory of Declarative Knowledge","author":"Apt","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB4","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Generalized Completeness of Horn Predicate Logic as a Programming Language","volume":"4","author":"Andreka","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Cybernetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB5","series-title":"Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming","first-page":"574","article-title":"On Logic Program Semantics with Two Kinds of Negation","author":"Alferes","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB6","series-title":"Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science","article-title":"Introduction to Logic Programming","author":"Apt","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB7","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB8","series-title":"Ph.D. thesis","article-title":"Issues in Knowledge Representation: Semantics and Knowledge Combination","author":"Baral","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0013071","article-title":"Generalized Negation as Failure and Semantics of Normal Disjunctive Logic Programs","author":"Baral","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Conference on Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB10","first-page":"813","article-title":"Propositional Semantics for Disjunctive Logic Programs","author":"Ben-Eliyahu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1992 Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(91)90073-B","article-title":"General Logical Databases and Programs: Default Logic Semantics and Stratification","volume":"91","author":"Bidoit","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Information and Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB12","first-page":"866","article-title":"Representing Concurrent Actions in Extended Logic Programming","author":"Baral","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB13","first-page":"181","article-title":"Approximating General Logic Programs, 1993","author":"Baral","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB14","series-title":"Logic Programming","first-page":"153","article-title":"Amalgamating Language and Metalanguage in Logic Programming","author":"Bowen","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB15","series-title":"Proceedings of ISMIS 91","first-page":"459","article-title":"WF3: A Semantics for Negation in Normal Disjunctive Logic Programs with Equivalent Proof Methods","author":"Baral","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01543473","article-title":"Generalized Disjunctive Well-Founded Semantics for Logic Programs","volume":"5","author":"Baral","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Math and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB17","first-page":"681","article-title":"Adding Negation as Failure to Intuitionistic Logic Programming","author":"Bonner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 1990 North American Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB18","first-page":"105","article-title":"Meta for Modularising Logic Programming","author":"Brogi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings META-92"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB19","series-title":"Technical Report CS-TR-2801","article-title":"Computation and Implementation of Non-Monotonic Deductive Databases","author":"Bell","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB20","first-page":"91","article-title":"The Valid Model Semantics for Logic Programs","author":"Beeri","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of Principles of Database Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90040-2","article-title":"Saturation, Nonmonotonic Reasoning and the Closed-World Assumption","volume":"25","author":"Bossu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB22","first-page":"69","article-title":"Duality Between Alternative Semantics of Logic Programs and Nonmonotonic Formalisms","author":"Baral","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Workshop in Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02341854","article-title":"Stable and Extension Class Theory for Logic Programs and Default Logics","volume":"8","author":"Baral","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB24","first-page":"571","article-title":"Continuity, Consistency, and Completeness Properties for Logic Programs","author":"Cavedon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/1.5.661","article-title":"On the Relationship Between Abduction and Deduction","volume":"2","author":"Console","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(85)90002-0","article-title":"Horn Clause Queries and Generalizations","volume":"2","author":"Chandra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/69.219736","article-title":"A Possible Worlds Semantics for Disjunctive Databases","volume":"5","author":"Chan","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Data and Knowledge Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB28","first-page":"132","article-title":"Minimal Knowledge + Negation as Failure = Only Knowing (Sometimes)","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB29","series-title":"Un Systeme de Communication Homme-Machine en Francais","author":"Colmerauer","year":"1973"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(93)90039-J","article-title":"A Foundation for Higher-Order Logic Programming","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB31","first-page":"218","article-title":"A Metalogic Programming Language","author":"Costantini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings ICLP'89"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB32","first-page":"550","article-title":"The Complexity of Closed World Reasoning and Circumscription","author":"Cadoli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings AAAI-90"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB33","series-title":"Logic and Data Bases","first-page":"293","article-title":"Negation as Failure","author":"Clark","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB34","first-page":"608","article-title":"Causes for Events: Their Computation and Applications","author":"Cox","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of CADE-86"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB35","series-title":"A Survey on Complexity Results for Nonmonotonic Logics","author":"Cadoli","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB36","first-page":"686","article-title":"SLDNFA: An Abductive Procedure for Normal Abductive Logic Programs","author":"Denecker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of JICSLP"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB37","first-page":"147","article-title":"Representing Incomplete Knowledge in Abductive Logic Programming","author":"Denecker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(84)90014-1","article-title":"Linear Time Algorithms for Testing the Satisfiability of Propositional Horn Formulae","volume":"1","author":"Dowling","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB39","first-page":"166","article-title":"Classifying Semantics of Logic Programs","author":"Dix","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Workshop in Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB40","first-page":"798","article-title":"Classifying Semantics of Disjunctive Logic Programs","author":"Dix","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB41","article-title":"Temporal Reasoning with Abductive Event Calculus","author":"Denecker","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of ECAI92"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(79)90008-0","article-title":"A Truth-Maintenance System","volume":"12","author":"Doyle","year":"1979","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Negation as Hypotheses: An Abductive Foundation for Logic Programming","author":"Dung","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of ICLP-91"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB44","article-title":"Well-Founded Reasoning with Classical Negation","author":"Dung","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of 1st International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(92)90285-N","article-title":"On the Relations Between Stable and Well-Founded Semantics of Logic Programs","volume":"105","author":"Dung","year":"1992","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB46","first-page":"852","article-title":"On the Acceptability of Arguments and Its Fundamental Role in Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programming","author":"Dung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of IJCAI 93"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB47","first-page":"222","article-title":"Representing Actions in Logic Programming and Its Application in Database Updates","author":"Dung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference in Logic Programming"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90018-S","article-title":"On the Complexity of Propositional Knowledge Base Revision, Updates, and Counterfactuals","volume":"57","author":"Eiter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1145\/153850.153864","article-title":"Complexity Aspects of Various Semantics for Disjunctive Databases","author":"Eiter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM SIGACT SIGMOD-SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS-93)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB50","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Logic Programming Symposium (ILPS)","article-title":"Complexity Results for Disjunctive Logic Programming and Application to nonmonotonic Logics","author":"Eiter","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB51","article-title":"On the Computational Cost of Disjunctive Logic Programming: Propositional Case","author":"Eiter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(93)90073-3","article-title":"Propositional Circumscription and Extended Closed World Reasoning are \u03a0P2-Complete","volume":"114","author":"Eiter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB52_2","unstructured":"Addendum, 118:315."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB53","article-title":"The Complexity of Logic-Based Abduction","author":"Eiter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB54","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Structural Complexity and Recursion-Theoretic Methods in Logic Programming","article-title":"Expressive Power and Complexity of Disjunctive Datalog","author":"Eiter","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB55","series-title":"Abduction Through Deduction","author":"Eshghi","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB56","first-page":"234","article-title":"Abduction Compared with Negation as Failure","author":"Eshghi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(91)90068-U","article-title":"Nonmonotonicity and the Scope of Reasoning","volume":"52","author":"Etherington","year":"1991","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90086-F","article-title":"A Rational Reconstruction of Non-Monotonic Truth Maintenance Systems","volume":"43","author":"Elkan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB59","first-page":"272","article-title":"Computing Stable Models by Using the ATMS","author":"Esghi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings AAAI-90"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB60","first-page":"562","article-title":"Abductive Planning with Event Calculus","author":"Eshghi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth ICLP"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB61","article-title":"Negation-as-Failure as an Approach to the Hanks and McDermott Problem","author":"Evans","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB62","article-title":"Consistency of Clark's Completion and Existence of Stable Models","author":"Fages","year":"1990","journal-title":"Technical Report 90-15"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB63","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Stratified and Three-Valued Logic Programming Semantics","author":"Fitting","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB64","first-page":"1199","article-title":"Relating the TMS to Autoepistemic Logic","author":"Fujiwara","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings IJCAI-89"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB65","first-page":"535","article-title":"A Model Generation Theorem Prover in KL1 Using a Ramified Stack Algorithm","author":"Fujita","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eighth International Conference in Logic Programming"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-1066(85)80005-4","article-title":"A Kripke-Kleene Semantics for Logic Programs","volume":"2","author":"Fitting","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(86)90096-4","article-title":"Partial Models and Logic Programming","volume":"48","author":"Fitting","year":"1986","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB68","first-page":"71","article-title":"Well-Founded Semantics, Generalized","author":"Fitting","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB69","series-title":"CS-TR-3034","article-title":"A Proof Procedure for Stable Theories","author":"Fernandez","year":"1992"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB70","article-title":"Disjunctive LP + Integrity Constraints = Stable Model Semantics","volume":"8","author":"Fernandez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB71","first-page":"660","article-title":"Bottom-Up Evaluation of Hierarchical Disjunctive Deductive Databases","author":"Fernandez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eighth International Conference in Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB72","series-title":"International Conference on Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 624","first-page":"332","article-title":"Disjunctive Deductive Databases","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB73","series-title":"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Logics and Models of Concurrent Systems","first-page":"439","article-title":"Theoretical Foundations for Non-Monotonic Reasoning in Expert Systems","author":"Gabbay","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB74","first-page":"207","article-title":"On Stratified Autoepistemic Theories","author":"Gelfond","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings AAAI-87"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB75","series-title":"Non-Monotonic Reasoning: 2nd International Workshop (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 346)","first-page":"176","article-title":"Autoepistemic Logic and Formalization of Commonsense Reasoning","author":"Gelfond","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB76","series-title":"Technical Report TR-91-2","article-title":"Epistemic Approach to Formalization of Commonsense Reasoning","author":"Gelfond","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB77","first-page":"127","article-title":"The Well-Founded Semantics of Aggregation","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of Principles of Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB78","article-title":"Logic Programming and Reasoning with Incomplete Information","author":"Gelfond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB79","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB80","first-page":"1070","article-title":"The Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programming","author":"Gelfond","year":"1988","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference and Symposium"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB81","first-page":"579","article-title":"Logic Programs with Classical Negation","author":"Gelfond","year":"1990","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037169","article-title":"Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive Databases","author":"Gelfond","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB83","first-page":"559","article-title":"Representing Actions in Extended Logic Programs","author":"Gelfond","year":"1992","journal-title":"Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB84","first-page":"230","article-title":"Disjunctive Defaults","author":"Gelfond","year":"1991","journal-title":"Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Second International Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB85","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference","first-page":"427","article-title":"Generalized Stable Models, Truth Maintenance and Conflict Resolution","author":"Giordano","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB86","series-title":"Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming","first-page":"430","article-title":"Negation as Failure in Intuitionistic Logic Programming","author":"Giordano","year":"1992"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/2.3.397","article-title":"Complexity Results for Nonmonotonic Logics","volume":"2","author":"Gottlob","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90001-9","article-title":"Negation as Failure: Careful Closure Procedure","volume":"30","author":"Gelfond","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-1990-13403","article-title":"Inheritance Reasoning in Autoepistemic Logic","volume":"13","author":"Gelfond","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB90","first-page":"245","article-title":"Definitions in Epistemic Specifications","author":"Gelfond","year":"1991","journal-title":"Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Proceedings of the First International Workshop"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB91","first-page":"397","article-title":"Reasoning in Open Domains","author":"Gelfond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop in Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB92","series-title":"Stratification in Extended Logic Programs","author":"Gelfond","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/6012.15410","article-title":"The Extended Closed World Assumption and Its Relation to Parallel Circumscription","author":"Gelfond","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(89)90068-4","article-title":"On the Relationship Between Circumscription and Negation as Failure","volume":"38","author":"Gelfond","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550050507","article-title":"On the Relationship Between CWA, Minimal Model, and Minimal Herbrand Model Semantics","volume":"5","author":"Gelfond","year":"1990","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB96","first-page":"183","article-title":"Theorem Proving by Resolution as a Basis for Question-Answering Systems","volume":"4","author":"Green","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(93)90035-F","article-title":"Representing Null Values in Logic Programs","author":"Gelfond","year":"1993","journal-title":"Workshop on Logic Programming with Incomplete Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB98","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science","first-page":"105","article-title":"Computation and Deduction","author":"Hayes","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB99","series-title":"Technical Report TR-91-02","article-title":"The Godel Report","author":"Hill","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90043-9","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Logic and Temporal Projection","volume":"33","author":"Hanks","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB101","unstructured":"Horty, J., Some Direct Theories of Non-Monotonic Inheritance, in: D. Gabbay and C. Hogger (eds.), in: Handbook of Logic in AI and Logic Programming, forthcoming."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB102","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"395","article-title":"Compiling the GCWA in Indefinite Databases","author":"Henschen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55602-8_180","article-title":"Embedding Negation as Failure into a Model Generation Theorem Prover","author":"Inoue","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Eleventh International Conference on Automated Deduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB104","article-title":"Extended Logic Programs with Default Assumptions","author":"Inoue","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of ICLP91"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB105","series-title":"Ph.D. thesis","article-title":"Studies on Abductive and Nonmonotonic Reasoning","author":"Inoue","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB106","first-page":"505","article-title":"Computing Abduction Using the TMS","author":"Iwayama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of ICLP 91"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB107","first-page":"278","article-title":"Computing the Extensions of Autoepistemic and Default Logics with a Truth Maintenance System","author":"Junker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of AAAI90"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB108","first-page":"500","article-title":"Completeness of the Negation as Failure Rule","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Jaffar","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proceedings of IJCAI-83"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB109","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation","article-title":"A Metalogic Programming Approach to Multy-Agent Knowledge and Belief","author":"Kowalski","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB110","first-page":"385","article-title":"Generalized Stable Models: A Semantics for Abduction","author":"Kakas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of ECAI-90"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB111","first-page":"88","article-title":"Stable Theories for Logic Programs","author":"Kakas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of ISLP-91"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/2.6.719","article-title":"Abductive Logic Programming","volume":"2","author":"Kakas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB113","first-page":"569","article-title":"Predicate Logic as a Programming Language","volume":"74","author":"Kowalski","year":"1974","journal-title":"Information Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB114","series-title":"Logic for Problem","author":"Kowalski","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB115","series-title":"Computational Logic: Symposium Proceedings","first-page":"80","article-title":"Problems and Promises of Computational Logic","author":"Kowalski","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB116","first-page":"231","article-title":"Why Not Negation by Fixpoint?","author":"Kolaitis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings of PODS-87"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037383","article-title":"A Logic-Based Calculus of Events","volume":"4","author":"Kowalski","year":"1986","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB118","first-page":"598","article-title":"Logic Programs with Exceptions","author":"Kowalski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB119","first-page":"387","article-title":"Semantics of Logic Programs with Aggregates","author":"Kemp","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(87)90007-0","article-title":"Negation In Logic Programming","volume":"4","author":"Kunen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(89)90022-8","article-title":"Signed Data Dependencies in Logic Programs","volume":"7","author":"Kunen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB122","first-page":"212","article-title":"What Does a Conditional Knowledge Base Entail?","author":"Lehmann","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of KR 89"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90055-4","article-title":"Closed-World Data Bases and Circumscription","volume":"27","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB124","first-page":"121","article-title":"Computing Circumscription","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proceedings of IFCAI-85"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB125","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"177","article-title":"On the Declarative Semantics of Logic Programs with Negation","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB126","first-page":"235","article-title":"Between Circumscription and Autoepistemic Logic","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB127","series-title":"Computational Logic: Symposium Proceedings","first-page":"80","article-title":"On Open defaults","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB128","first-page":"381","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Databases and Epistemic Queries: Preliminary Report","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB129","article-title":"A language for Representing Actions","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Working Papers of the Second International Symposium on Logical Formalizations of Commonsense Knowledge"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB130","series-title":"Ph.D. thesis","article-title":"A Study of Nonmonotonic Reasoning","author":"Lin","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB131","series-title":"Foundations of Logic Programming","author":"Lloyd","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(85)90128-8","article-title":"Optimal Fixedpoints of Logic Programs","volume":"39","author":"Lassez","year":"1985","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB133","series-title":"Foundations of Disjunctive Logic Programming","author":"Lobo","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB134","first-page":"456","article-title":"Near-Horn PROLOG","author":"Loveland","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB135","first-page":"245","article-title":"Argument Systems: A Uniform Basis for Nonmonotonic Reasoning","author":"Lin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB136","series-title":"Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning and Knowledge: Proceedings of the Third Conference","first-page":"111","article-title":"Epistemic Semantics for Fixed-Points Nonmonotonic Logics","author":"Lin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90019-T","article-title":"A Logic of Knowledge and Justified Assumptions","volume":"57","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4307.003.0011","article-title":"Extended Logic Programs as Autoepistemic Theories","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB139","first-page":"603","article-title":"Answer Sets in General Nonmonotonic Reasoning","author":"Lifschitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.1991.tb00389.x","article-title":"Making Default Inferences from Logic Programs","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB141","first-page":"415","article-title":"SATCHMO: A Theorem Prover Implemented in PROLOG","author":"Manthey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of CADE 9"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB142","series-title":"Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes","first-page":"75","article-title":"Programs with Common Sense","author":"McCarthy","year":"1959"},{"issue":"1,2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB143_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90011-9","article-title":"Circumscription\u2014A Form of Non-Monotonic Reasoning","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1,2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB143_2","first-page":"171","volume":"13","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(86)90032-9","article-title":"Applications of Circumscription to Formalizing Common Sense Knowledge","volume":"26","author":"McCarthy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/322290.322293","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Logic II: Nonmonotonic Modal Theories","volume":"29","author":"McDermott","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"issue":"1,2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90012-0","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Logic I","volume":"13","author":"McDermott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB147","series-title":"Representing Incomplete Knowledge in Abductive Logic Programming","author":"De Schreye","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB148","series-title":"Proceedings of the Joint International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming","article-title":"A Perfect Herbrand Semantics for Untyped Vanilla Meta-Programming","author":"Martens","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB149","article-title":"Why Untyped Non-Ground Meta-Programming is not (Much of) a Problem","author":"Martens","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB150","series-title":"Meta 92","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB151","first-page":"463","article-title":"Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence","volume":"vol. 4","author":"McCarthy","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB152","first-page":"106","article-title":"A Theory of Modules in Logic Programming","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB153","first-page":"292","article-title":"On Indefinite Data Bases and the Closed World Assumption","author":"Minker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proceedings of CADE-82"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB154","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2,3,4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(93)90028-F","article-title":"An Overview of Nonmonotonic Reasoning and Logic Programming","volume":"17","author":"Minker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB156","article-title":"A Theory of Nonmonotonic Systems\u2014II","author":"Marek","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(85)90042-6","article-title":"Semantical Considerations on Nonmonotonic Logic","volume":"25","author":"Moore","year":"1985","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90022-7","article-title":"The Anomalous Extension Problem in Default Reasoning","volume":"35","author":"Morris","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(90)90033-2","article-title":"A Fixpoint Semantics for Disjunctive Logic Programs","volume":"9","author":"Minker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB160","article-title":"On Extended Disjunctive Logic Programs","author":"Minker","year":"1993","journal-title":"ISMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB161","first-page":"600","article-title":"The Relationship Between Logic Program Semantics and Non-Monotonic Reasoning","author":"Marek","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB162","first-page":"243","article-title":"Stable Semantics for Logic Programs and Default Reasoning","author":"Marek","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the North American Conference on Logic Programming"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB163","first-page":"588","article-title":"Autoepistemic Logic","volume":"3","author":"Marek","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB164","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning","first-page":"115","article-title":"Reflexive Autoepistemic Logic and Logic Programming","author":"Marek","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB165","article-title":"Logic Programs and Many Valued Logics","author":"Mycroft","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 1st STACS Conference"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(82)90035-7","article-title":"An Extension to Linear Resolution with Selection Function","volume":"14","author":"Minker","year":"1982","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2307\/2268973","article-title":"Constructible Falsity","volume":"14","author":"Nelson","year":"1949","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB168","series-title":"Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Proceedings of the First International Workshop","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB169","first-page":"601","article-title":"Optative Reasoning with Scenario Semantics","author":"Pereira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of ICLP 93"},{"issue":"2,3,4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(93)90032-C","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Reasoning with Logic Programming","volume":"17","author":"Pereira","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB171","series-title":"Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Proceedings of the First International Workshop","first-page":"105","article-title":"Contradiction Removal within Well-Founded Semantics","author":"Pereira","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB172","first-page":"863","article-title":"Derivation Procedures for Extended Stable Models","author":"Pereira","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of IJCAI 91"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB173","first-page":"475","article-title":"Non-Monotonic Reasoning with Well-Founded Semantics","author":"Pereira","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eight International Logic Programming Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB174","first-page":"339","article-title":"Default Theory for Well Founded Semantics with Explicit Negation","author":"Pereira","year":"1992","journal-title":"Logic in AI, Proceedings of European Workshop JELLA'92 (Logic in AI, 633)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB175","article-title":"Well Founded Semantics for Logic Programs with Explicit Negation","author":"Pereira","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB176","article-title":"A Truth Maintenance System Based on Stable Models","author":"Pimental","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the North American Conference on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB177","first-page":"360","article-title":"Embracing Causality in Formal Reasoning","author":"Pearl","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proceedings AAAI-87"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB178","series-title":"The Knowledge Frontier: Essays in the Representation of Knowledge","first-page":"331","article-title":"Theorist: A Logical Reasoning System for Defaults and Diagnosis","author":"Poole","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB179","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90077-X","article-title":"A Logical Framework for Default Reasoning","volume":"36","author":"Poole","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB181","first-page":"333","article-title":"What the Lottery Paradox Tells Us About Default Reasoning","author":"Poole","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB182","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Weakly Perfect Model Semantics for Logic Programs","author":"Przymusinska","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB183","series-title":"Formal Techniques in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"321","article-title":"Semantic Issues in Deductive Databases and Logic Programs","author":"Przymusinska","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-1990-13106","article-title":"Weakly Stratified Logic Programs","volume":"13","author":"Przymusinska","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB185","first-page":"179","article-title":"Stationary Default Extensions","author":"Przymusinska","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB186","first-page":"203","article-title":"Temporal Reasoning in Logic Programming: A Case for the Situation Calculus","author":"Pinto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of 10th International Conference in Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB187","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"193","article-title":"On the Declarative Semantics of Deductive Databases and Logic Programs","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB188","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Perfect Model Semantics","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1988","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference and Symposium"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/73721.73723","article-title":"Every Logic Program has a Natural Stratification and an Iterated Least Fixed Point Model","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of Principles of Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00243002","article-title":"On the Declarative and Procedural Semantics of Logic Programs","volume":"5","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB191","first-page":"341","article-title":"Three-Valued Formalizations of Non-Monotonic Reasoning and Logic Programming","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB192","article-title":"The Well-Founded Semantics Coincides with the Three-Valued Stable Semantics","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Fundamenta Informaticae"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB193","first-page":"459","article-title":"Extended Stable Semantics for Normal and Disjunctive Programs","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Logic Programming: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB194","first-page":"40","article-title":"Stationary Semantics for Disjunctive Logic Programs and Deductive Databases","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of North American Conference on Logic Programming"},{"issue":"3,4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037171","article-title":"Stable Semantics for Disjunctive Programs","volume":"9","author":"Przymusinski","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB196","series-title":"Gruppe fur Logic, Wissentheorie and Information","article-title":"Reasoning with Negative Information 1\u2014Strong Negation in Logic Programming","author":"Pearce","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB197","article-title":"Elements of Logic","volume":"Volume II","author":"Pearce","year":"1932"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB198","series-title":"Logic and Data Bases","first-page":"119","article-title":"On Closed World Data Bases","author":"Reiter","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1145\/322186.322189","article-title":"Equality, and Domain Closure in First-Order Databases","volume":"27","author":"Reiter","year":"1980","journal-title":"JACM"},{"issue":"1,2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90014-4","article-title":"A Logic for Default Reasoning","volume":"13","author":"Reiter","year":"1980","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB201","first-page":"418","article-title":"Circumscription Implies Predicate Completion (Sometimes)","author":"Reiter","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proceedings of IJCAI-82"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cs.02.060187.001051","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Reasoning","volume":"2","author":"Reiter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annual Review of Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90062-2","article-title":"A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles","volume":"32","author":"Reiter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB204","first-page":"431","article-title":"A Point of Reference","volume":"28","author":"Richards","year":"1974","journal-title":"Synthese 28"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248321","article-title":"Weak Generalized Closed World Assumption","volume":"5","author":"Rajasekar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(89)90008-8","article-title":"A Logical Framework for Depiction and Image Interpretation","volume":"41","author":"Reiter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531083","article-title":"On Stratified Disjunctive Programs","volume":"1","author":"Rajasekar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1145\/73721.73724","article-title":"A Procedural Semantics for Well Founded Negation in Logic Programming","author":"Ross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB209","article-title":"A Nonmonotonic Assumption-Based TMS Using Stable Bases","author":"Rodi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00297247","article-title":"Inferring Negative Information from Disjunctive Databases","volume":"4","author":"Ross","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB211","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Possible Model Semantics for Disjunctive Databases","author":"Sakama","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the First International Conference on Deductive and Object Oriented Databases"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB212","article-title":"On the Consistency of First-Order Logic Programs","author":"Sato","year":"1987","journal-title":"ETL, TR-87-12"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB213","first-page":"196","article-title":"The Expressive Power of the Logic Programming Semantics","author":"Schlipf","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth Symposium on Principles of Database Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB214","first-page":"260","article-title":"Autoepistemic Logic of Knowledge","author":"Schwarz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning: Proceedings of the First International Workshop"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB215","article-title":"Complexity and Undecidability Results in Logic Programming","author":"Schlipf","year":"1992","journal-title":"Workshop on Structural Complexity and Recursion-Theoretic Methods in Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB216","series-title":"Some Remarks on Computability and Open Domain Semantics","author":"Schlipf","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB217","series-title":"Theories of History","article-title":"Truisms as the Grounds for Historical Explanations","author":"Scriven","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB218","series-title":"Philosophy and History","article-title":"New Issues in the Logic of Explanation","author":"Scriven","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB219","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Prediction is Deduction But Explanation is Abduction","author":"Shanahan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of IJCAI-89"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB220","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"19","article-title":"Negation in Logic Programming","author":"Shepherdson","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB221","series-title":"Mathematical Logic","author":"Shoenfield","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB222","first-page":"19","article-title":"A Correct Goal-Directed Proof Procedure for a General Logic Program with Integrity Constraints","author":"Satoh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Extensions of Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB223","first-page":"794","article-title":"A Simple Near-Horn Prolog Interpreter","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings 5th International Conference and Symposium on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB224","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third Kurt G\u00f6del Colloquium","first-page":"313","article-title":"Nonmonotonic Reasoning is Sometimes Simpler","author":"Schwarz","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB225","first-page":"205","article-title":"Stable Models and Non-Determinism in Logic Programs with Negation","author":"Sacca","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings of PODS 1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB226","series-title":"The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems","author":"Touretzky","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB227","first-page":"127","article-title":"Unfold\/Fold Transformation of Logic Programs","author":"Tamaki","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proceedings 2nd International Logic Programming Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-16492-8_66","article-title":"OLD Resolution with Tabulation","author":"Tanaki","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Logic Programming"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB229","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"217","article-title":"On Domain Independent Databases","author":"Topor","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB230","first-page":"567","article-title":"A Monotonicity Theorem for Extended Logic Programs","author":"Turner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of 10th International Conference on Logic Programming"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1145\/321978.321991","article-title":"The Semantics of Predicate Logic as a Programming Language","volume":"23","author":"van Emdem","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB232","series-title":"Foundations of Deductive Databases and Logic Programming","first-page":"149","article-title":"A Negation as Failure Using Tight Derivations for General Logic Programs","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/73721.73722","article-title":"The Alternating Fixpoint of Logic Programs with Negation","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of PODS-89"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1145\/116825.116838","article-title":"The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs","volume":"38","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of ACM"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1137\/0219058","article-title":"Bounded Query Classes","volume":"19","author":"Wagner","year":"1990","journal-title":"SIAM J. Comp."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/1.6.835","article-title":"Logic Programming with Strong Negation and Inexact Predicates","volume":"1","author":"Wagner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4307.003.0025","article-title":"Reasoning with Inconsistency in Extended Deductive Databases","author":"Wagner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB238","series-title":"Technical Report 91\/12","article-title":"Computing the Well-Founded Semantics of Logic Programs","author":"Warren","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90090-X","article-title":"Skeptical Reason Maintenance and Belief Revision","volume":"61","author":"Witteveen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB240","article-title":"Query Evaluation Under Well-Founded Semantics","author":"Warren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proceedings of PODS 93"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB241","first-page":"570","article-title":"Skeptical Reason Maintenance System is Tractable","author":"Witteveen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of KR'91"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6_BIB242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00244994","article-title":"Deduction in Non-Horn Databases","volume":"1","author":"Yahya","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Automated Reasoning"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Logic Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0743106694900256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0743106694900256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T10:11:53Z","timestamp":1704190313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0743106694900256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]},"references-count":244,"alternative-id":["0743106694900256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0743-1066(94)90025-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-1066"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-1066","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,5]]}}}