{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T22:24:02Z","timestamp":1757629442897,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,23]],"date-time":"2004-02-23T15:14:09Z","timestamp":1077549249000},"page":"245-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A hybrid architecture for programmable computing and evolutionary learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kiumi","family":"Akingbehin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313074","article-title":"Cognitive and psychological computation with neural models","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet."},{"year":"1974","series-title":"The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms","author":"Aho","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB2"},{"article-title":"Computational characterization of a hybrid biochip","year":"1986","author":"Akingbehin","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB3"},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Data Communications and Distributed Networks","author":"Black","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB4"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB5","series-title":"Self-Organizing Systems","article-title":"Optimization through evolution and recombination","author":"Bremermann","year":"1982"},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Molecular Electronic Devices","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB6"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB7","series-title":"Physics and Mathematics of the Nervous System","first-page":"419","article-title":"Molecular automata","author":"Conrad","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB8","series-title":"The Universal Turing Machine\u2014A Fifty Year Survey","first-page":"285","article-title":"The price of programmability","author":"Conrad","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.1986.6371116","article-title":"The lure of molecular computing","author":"Conrad","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"},{"year":"1983","series-title":"Adaptability","author":"Conrad","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB10"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(79)90009-1","article-title":"Bootstrapping on the adaptive landscape","volume":"11","author":"Conrad","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1145\/3532.3533","article-title":"On design principles for a molecular computer","volume":"28","author":"Conrad","year":"1985","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(74)90146-5","article-title":"Evolutionary learning circuits","volume":"46","author":"Conrad","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Theoret. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Information processing in molecular systems","volume":"5","author":"Conrad","year":"1972","journal-title":"Curr. Modern Biol. (now Biosystems)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(83)90017-5","article-title":"Microscopic-macroscopic interface in biological information processing","volume":"16","author":"Conrad","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(70)90077-9","article-title":"Evolution experiments with an artificial ecosystem","volume":"28","author":"Conrad","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Theoret. Biol."},{"year":"1982","series-title":"Biochips: A feasibility study","author":"Conrad","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB17"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB18","article-title":"Simulation of an enzyme-driven computing device","author":"Conrad","year":"1984","journal-title":"Maecon\/84 Technical Session #15 on Biomedical Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(87)90072-5","article-title":"Simulation of a reaction-diffusion neuron which learns to recognize events. Appendix to Conrad, M. Rapprochement of artificial intelligence and dynamics","author":"Conrad","year":"1987","journal-title":"European J. Oper. Res."},{"year":"1978","series-title":"Cyclic Nucleotides, Phosphorylated Proteins and Neuronal Function","author":"Greengard","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB20"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB21","first-page":"37","article-title":"Sixth generation computers","volume":"9","author":"Grigonis","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dr. Dobb's Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(82)90137-0","article-title":"Information processing in microtubules","volume":"98","author":"Hameroff","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Theoret. Biol."},{"year":"1975","series-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems","author":"Holland","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB23"},{"year":"1984","series-title":"Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing","author":"Hwang","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB24"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.1983.6370017","article-title":"A new generation in computing","author":"Kahn","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8240(83)80070-6","article-title":"Computational modelling of evolutionary learning processes in the brain","volume":"45","author":"Kampfner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(86)90241-1","article-title":"Intraneuronal dynamics as a substrate for evolutionary learning","volume":"22","author":"Kirby","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. D"},{"year":"1984","series-title":"Self-Organization and Associative Memory","author":"Kohonen","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB28"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB29","first-page":"906","article-title":"Change of mechanical parameters as a possible means for information processing by the neuron","volume":"27","author":"Liberman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)90245-8","article-title":"Neuron generator potentials evoked by intracellular injection of cyclic nucleotides and mechanical distension","volume":"338","author":"Liberman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(84)80137-X","article-title":"A proposed membrane model for generation of sodium currents in squid giant axons","volume":"107","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Theoret. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB32","series-title":"IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology","first-page":"82","article-title":"Bioconductors\u2014beyond VLSI","author":"McAlear","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1145\/358172.358177","article-title":"An introduction to the fifth generation","author":"McCorduck","year":"1983","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1985.1662925","article-title":"Research on parallel machine architecture for fifth-generation computer systems","volume":"18","author":"Murakani","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"year":"1985","series-title":"The Massively Parallel Processor","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB35"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2514\/3.19770","article-title":"The massively parallel processor","volume":"5","author":"Schaeffer","year":"1982","journal-title":"AIAA J. Guidance, Control, Dynamics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1145\/358172.358179","article-title":"The fifth generation project\u2014A trip report","author":"Shapiro","year":"1983","journal-title":"Comm. ACM"},{"year":"1987","series-title":"Local Networks","author":"Stallings","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB38"},{"year":"1981","series-title":"Computer Networks","author":"Tanenbaum","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB39"},{"year":"1984","series-title":"Computational Aspects of VLSI","author":"Ullman","key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB40"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB41","first-page":"25","article-title":"Neural nets for adaptive filtering and adaptive pattern recognition","author":"Widrow","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(86)90309-X","article-title":"Approaches to complexity engineering","volume":"22","author":"Wolfram","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phys. D"},{"key":"10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MSPEC.1984.6370431","article-title":"Making computers think like people","author":"Zadeh","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Spectrum"}],"container-title":["Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0743731589900610?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0743731589900610?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T14:28:36Z","timestamp":1757514516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0743731589900610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}},"alternative-id":["0743731589900610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0743-7315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A hybrid architecture for programmable computing and evolutionary learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0743-7315(89)90061-0","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1989 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}