{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T05:41:50Z","timestamp":1747546910451,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]],"date-time":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":804556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6591,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613x(94)00018-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T19:24:32Z","timestamp":1027625072000},"page":"1-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Incremental conditioning of lower and upper probabilities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lonnie","family":"Chrisman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB1","first-page":"234","article-title":"Discussion on professor Dempster's paper","volume":"30","author":"Aitchison","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB2","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference ECSQAU on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Uncertainty","first-page":"42","article-title":"Propagation of uncertainty in dependence graphs","author":"Cano","year":"1991"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(93)90026-A","article-title":"An axiomatic framework for propagating uncertainty in directed acyclic networks","volume":"8","author":"Cano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(93)90026-A","article-title":"An axiomatic frameworl for propagating uncertainty in directed acyclic networks","volume":"8","author":"Cano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4896(89)90056-5","article-title":"Some characterizations of lower probabilities and other monotone capacities through the use of M\u00f6bius inversion","volume":"17","author":"Chateauneuf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Math. Social Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB6","first-page":"131","article-title":"Theory of capacities","volume":"5","author":"Gustave","year":"1953","journal-title":"Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble)"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB7","series-title":"First International Conference on AI Planning Systems","article-title":"Abstract probabilistic modeling of action","author":"Chrisman","year":"1992"},{"year":"1984","author":"Cooper","article-title":"NESTOR: A computer-based medical diagnostic aid that integrates causal and probabilistic knowledge","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB8"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550050302","article-title":"The concept of conditional fuzzy measure","volume":"5","author":"de Campos","year":"1990","journal-title":"Internat. J. Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177698950","article-title":"Upper and lower probabilities induced by a multivalued mapping","volume":"38","author":"Dempster","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Statist."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1968.tb00722.x","article-title":"A generalization of Bayesian inference","volume":"30","author":"Dempster","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345391","article-title":"Bayesian inference using intervals of measures","volume":"9","author":"DeRobertis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. Statist."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550010204","article-title":"On the unicity of Dempster's rule of combination","volume":"1","author":"Dubois","year":"1986","journal-title":"Internat. J. Intelligent Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(92)90027-W","article-title":"Evidence, knowledge, and belief functions","volume":"6","author":"Dubois","year":"1992","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"year":"1989","author":"Fagin","article-title":"A new approach to updating beliefs","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB15"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0102_2","article-title":"Decision theory and artificial intelligence ii: The hungry monkey","volume":"1","author":"Feldman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"year":"1991","author":"Fertig","series-title":"Probability intervals over influence diagrams","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB17"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB18","series-title":"Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science","first-page":"319","article-title":"Subjective probability as the measure of a non-measurable set","author":"Good","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB19","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"256","article-title":"An inequality paradigm for probabilistic knowledge: The logic of conditional probability intervals","author":"Grosof","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90048-3","article-title":"Two views of belief: Belief as generalized probability and belief as evidence","volume":"54","author":"Halpern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(88)90120-X","article-title":"Decision theory in expert systems and artificial intelligence","volume":"2","author":"Horvitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"year":"1980","author":"Huber","series-title":"Robust Statistics","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB22"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(89)90003-0","article-title":"Jeffrey-like rules of conditioning for the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence","volume":"3","author":"Ichihashi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1109\/21.179852","article-title":"Bayesian updating and belief functions","volume":"22","author":"Jaffray","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/21.148425","article-title":"Computational aspects of the M\u00f6bius transform of a graph","volume":"22","author":"Kennes","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90068-3","article-title":"Bayesian and non-Bayesian evidential updating","volume":"31","author":"Kyburg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(88)90116-8","article-title":"Higher order probabilities and intervals","volume":"2","author":"Kyburg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"year":"1988","author":"Kyburg","article-title":"In defence of intervals","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB28"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB29","first-page":"263","article-title":"Knowledge","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Kyburg","year":"1988"},{"year":"1980","author":"Levi","series-title":"The Enterprise of Knowledge","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB30"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177013427","article-title":"The probability approach to the treatment of uncertainty in artificial intelligence and expert systems","volume":"2","author":"Lindley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Statist. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB32","series-title":"Uncertainty in Knowledge Bases, Third International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU","first-page":"58","article-title":"Updating uncertain information","author":"Moral","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB33","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Justifying the principle of interval constraints","author":"Neapolitan","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1214\/aop\/1176990457","article-title":"Unstable collectives and envelopes of probability measures","volume":"19","author":"Papamarcou","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Probab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1214\/aop\/1176992540","article-title":"A note on undominated lower probabilities","volume":"14","author":"Papamarcou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Probab."},{"year":"1988","author":"Pearl","series-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB36"},{"issue":"5\/6","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(90)90013-R","article-title":"Reasoning with belief functions: An analysis of compatibility","volume":"4","author":"Pearl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB38","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Uncertainties in AI","first-page":"215","article-title":"Approximate deduction in single evidential bodies","author":"Ruspini","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB39","series-title":"Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems. International (1986) Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems","first-page":"85","article-title":"Approximate inference and interval probabilities","author":"Ruspini","year":"1987"},{"year":"1976","author":"Shafer","series-title":"A Mathematical Theory of Evidence","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB40"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01064627","article-title":"Constructive probability","volume":"48","author":"Shafer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(90)90012-Q","article-title":"Perspectives on the theory and practice of belief functions","volume":"4","author":"Shafer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(87)90024-7","article-title":"Propagating belief functions in qualitative Markov trees","volume":"1","author":"Shafer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0903_2","article-title":"Languages and designs for probability judgement","volume":"9","author":"Shafer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB45","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence 4","article-title":"Axioms for probability and belief-function propagation","author":"Shenoy","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB46","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"378","article-title":"About updating","author":"Smets","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB47_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Provability of probability and belief functions","author":"Smets","year":"1991","journal-title":"Logique et Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB47_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Provability of probability and belief functions","author":"Smets","year":"1991","journal-title":"Logique et Anal."},{"year":"1994","author":"Smets","article-title":"The representation of quantified belief by belief functions: An axiomatic justification","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB48"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB49","series-title":"Advances in the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence","first-page":"5","article-title":"What is Dempster-Shafer's model?","author":"Smets","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)90026-4","article-title":"The transferable belief model","volume":"66","author":"Smets","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1961.tb00388.x","article-title":"Consistency in statistical inference and decision","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB52","series-title":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"233","article-title":"Bayesian inference without point estimates","author":"Snow","year":"1986"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177013428","article-title":"Probabilistic expert systems in medicine: Practical issues in handling uncertainty","volume":"2","author":"Spiegelhalter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Statist. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(90)90014-S","article-title":"Decision analysis using belief functions","volume":"4","author":"Strat","year":"1990","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00486106","article-title":"On using random relations to generate upper and lower probabilities","volume":"36","author":"Suppes","year":"1977","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-613X(92)90006-L","article-title":"Interval probability propagation","author":"Tessem","year":"1992","journal-title":"Internat. J. Approx. Reason."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB57","series-title":"Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"515","article-title":"Constructing lower probabilities","author":"Wagner","year":"1993"},{"year":"1991","author":"Walley","series-title":"Statistical Reasoning with Imprecise Probabilities","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB58"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345868","article-title":"Towards a frequentist theory of upper and lower probability","volume":"10","author":"Walley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann. Statist."},{"key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176347511","article-title":"Prior envelopes based on belief functions","volume":"18","author":"Wasserman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Statist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0888-613X(94)00018-X_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1986.289260","article-title":"A posteriori representations based on linear inequality descriptions of a priori and conditional probabilities","volume":"16","author":"White","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Approximate Reasoning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0888613X9400018X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0888613X9400018X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T02:01:44Z","timestamp":1733364104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0888613X9400018X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}},"alternative-id":["0888613X9400018X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0888-613x(94)00018-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-613X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0888-613X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}}}