{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1752230301914},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T13:25:39Z","timestamp":1027603539000},"page":"247-274","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Reinforcement learning of multiple tasks using a hierarchical CMAC architecture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chen K.","family":"Tham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3426923","article-title":"Data Storage in the Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC)","volume":"97","author":"Albus","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB2_1","series-title":"Real-Time Learning and Control using Asynchronous Dynamic Programming","author":"Barto","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB2_2","article-title":"A revised version of this report has the title Learning to Act using Real-Time Dynamic Programming","author":"Barto","year":"1993","journal-title":"CMPSCI Technical Report 93-02"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313077","article-title":"Neuronlike elements that can solve difficult learning control problems","volume":"SMC-13","author":"Barto","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB4","series-title":"Neurocomputing: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications","first-page":"227","article-title":"Probabilistic Interpretation of Feedforward Classification Network Outputs, with Relationships to Statistical Pattern Recognition","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Bridle","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.2.253","article-title":"A Robot that Walks; Emergent Behaviors from a Carefully Evolved Network","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm","volume":"B 39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1991.3.1.79","article-title":"Adaptive Mixtures of Local Experts","volume":"4","author":"Jacobs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB8","first-page":"985","article-title":"Hierarchies of Adaptive Experts","volume":"4","author":"Jordan","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1993.716791","article-title":"Hierarchical Mixtures of Experts and the EM Algorithm","author":"Jordan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50028-9","article-title":"Hierarchical Learning in Stochastic Domains: Preliminary Results","author":"Kaelbling","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992699","article-title":"Self-Improving Reactive Agents Based on Reinforcement Learning, Planning and Teaching","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB12","first-page":"181","article-title":"Hierarchical Learning of Robot Skills by Reinforcement","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Lin","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th AAAI Conference","first-page":"796","article-title":"Learning to Coordinate Behaviours","author":"Maes","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB14","article-title":"Automatic Programming of Behaviour-based Robots Using Reinforcement Learning","author":"Mahadevan","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.2.281","article-title":"Fast Learning in Networks of Locally-Tuned Processing Units","volume":"1","author":"Moody","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB16","article-title":"A New View of the EM Algorithm that Justifies Incremental and Other Variants","author":"Neal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB17","article-title":"Soft Competitive Adaptation: Neural Network Learning Algorithms based on Fitting Statistical Mixtures","author":"Nowlan","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB18","article-title":"On-line Q-Learning using Connectionist Systems","volume":"166","author":"Rummery","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00992700","article-title":"Transfer of Learning by Composing Solutions of Elemental Sequential Tasks","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB20","first-page":"251","article-title":"The Efficient Learning of Multiple Task Sequences","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Singh","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB21","article-title":"Learning to Solve Markovian Decision Processes","author":"Singh","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB22","series-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning","article-title":"Integrated Architectures for Learning, Planning and Reacting Based on Approximating Dynamic Programming","author":"Sutton","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB23","article-title":"Practical Issues in Temporal Difference Learning","author":"Tesauro","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB24","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks","article-title":"Exploration and Model Building in Mobile Robot Domains","author":"Thrun","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB25","article-title":"Learning from Delayed Rewards","author":"Watkins","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-Z_BIB26","article-title":"An Alternative Model for Mixtures of Experts","author":"Xu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS'94)"}],"container-title":["Robotics and Autonomous Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:092188909500005Z?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:092188909500005Z?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T13:23:13Z","timestamp":1556544193000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/092188909500005Z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}},"alternative-id":["092188909500005Z"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00005-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-8890"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0921-8890","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}}}