{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T14:55:38Z","timestamp":1769007338559,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,1]],"date-time":"1994-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":765158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,8]],"date-time":"2003-08-08T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1060318571000},"page":"207-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["A simple and effective method for removal of hidden units and weights"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB1","series-title":"Parallel Distributed Processing","author":"Rumelhart","year":"1986"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1109\/29.21701","article-title":"Phoneme recognition using time-delay neural networks","volume":"37","author":"Waibel","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(88)90023-8","article-title":"Analysis of hidden units in a layered network trained to classify sonar targets","volume":"1","author":"Gorman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB4","first-page":"357","article-title":"The truck backer-upper: An example of self-learning in neural networks","volume":"II","author":"Nguyen","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80236","article-title":"A simple procedure for pruning back-propagation trained neural network","volume":"1","author":"Karnin","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB6","first-page":"950","article-title":"A simple weights decay can improve generalization","volume":"4","author":"Krogh","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB7","first-page":"847","article-title":"The effective number of parameters: An analysis of generalization and regularization in nonlinear learning systems","volume":"4","author":"Moody","year":"1992"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1109\/31.31313","article-title":"On hidden nodes in neural nets","volume":"36","author":"Mirchandini","year":"1989","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB9","first-page":"363","article-title":"An algebraic projection analysis for optimal hidden units size and learning rates in back-propagation learning","volume":"1","author":"Kung","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB10","first-page":"519","article-title":"A back-propagation algorithm with optimal use of hidden units","volume":"1","author":"Chauvin","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB11","first-page":"875","article-title":"Generalization by weights-elimination with application to forecasting","volume":"3","author":"Weigend","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB12","article-title":"Skeletonization: A technique for trimming the fat from a network via relevant assessement","author":"Mozer","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB13","article-title":"Optimal brain surgeon and general network pruning","author":"Hassibi","year":"1992","journal-title":"RICOH California Research Center Technical Report CRC-TR-9235"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB14","first-page":"598","article-title":"Optimal brain damage","volume":"2","author":"Le Cun","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB15","first-page":"177","article-title":"Comparing biases for minimal network construction with back-propagation","volume":"1","author":"Hanson","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB16","first-page":"325","article-title":"Neural net pruning - why and how","volume":"1","author":"Sietsma","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB17","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Information measure based skeletonisation","volume":"4","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB18","first-page":"625","article-title":"Novel back propagation algorithm for reduction of hidden units and acceleration of convergence using artificial selection","volume":"I","author":"Hagiwara","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB19_1","first-page":"1118","article-title":"A back-propagation algorithm with automatic reduction of association units in multi-layered neural network","volume":"8","author":"Matsunaga","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. IEICE, J74-D-II"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB19_2","first-page":"783","article-title":"A back-propagation algorithm which automatically determines the number of association units","volume":"I","author":"Murase","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB20","first-page":"260","article-title":"Learning symmetry groups with hidden unis: Beyond the perception","volume":"22D","author":"Sejnowski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physica"},{"key":"10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(89)90045-2","article-title":"Explorations of the mean field theory learning algorithm","volume":"2","author":"Peterson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neural Networks"}],"container-title":["Neurocomputing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0925231294900558?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0925231294900558?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T01:55:30Z","timestamp":1552614930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0925231294900558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}},"alternative-id":["0925231294900558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0925-2312(94)90055-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-2312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-2312","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,4]]}}}