{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:27:59Z","timestamp":1770971279715,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,3,1]],"date-time":"1994-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":762480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Strategic Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T08:10:37Z","timestamp":1034323837000},"page":"41-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["A model of EDI integration and strategic business reengineering"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Paula MC","family":"Swatman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Swatman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle C","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1 May","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB1","first-page":"60:5","article-title":"The facts of flight","author":"Amerongen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB2","article-title":"Update on EDI strategies in North America","author":"Annis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. EDICA \u2014 4th National EDI Users' Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB3","series-title":"Economics: Principles and Policy","author":"Baumol","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-6301(90)90005-O","article-title":"Electronic data interchange: how much competitive advantage?","volume":"23","author":"Benjamin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Long Range Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB5","series-title":"G320-2768, IBM Corp.","article-title":"Enterprise-wide information management: an introduction to the concepts","author":"Benson","year":"1985"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB6","article-title":"The EDI dilemma","author":"Boucher","year":"1989","journal-title":"Systems 3X\/AS World"},{"issue":"5\u20137 September","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB7","article-title":"Managing technology cost and value","author":"Brearley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. S1BOS '89 \u2014 12th Annual SWIFT International Banking Operations Seminar Monte Carlo"},{"issue":"5\u20137 September","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB8","article-title":"Solving the service strategy paradox","author":"Burns","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. SIBOS '89 \u2014 12th Annual SWIFT International Banking Operations Seminar Monte Carlo"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1985.9960001","article-title":"Interorganizational systems: an information society opportunity or threat?","volume":"3","author":"Cash","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB10","series-title":"Global Issues of Information Technology Management","first-page":"276","article-title":"The international significance of electronic data interchange","author":"Clarke","year":"1991"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7206(86)90010-8","article-title":"Information systems for sustainable competitive advantage","author":"Clemons","year":"1986","journal-title":"Inf. & Manage"},{"issue":"15\u201317 June","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB12","first-page":"15","article-title":"Electronic data interchange","author":"Coathup","year":"1988","journal-title":"Computer Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2307\/249202","article-title":"Airline reservations systems: lessons from history","volume":"12","author":"Copeland","year":"1988","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB14","first-page":"89","article-title":"Striving for sustained competitive advantage: the growing alignment of information systems and the business","author":"Dampney","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. SOST '89 \u20141st Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference Terrigal, New South Wales"},{"issue":"Summer","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB15","article-title":"The new industrial engineering: information technology and business process redesign","author":"Davenport","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sloan Manage. Rev."},{"issue":"29\u201330 March","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB16","article-title":"How to improve the bottom line and reduce the cost of doing business \u2014where does EDI fit in?","author":"DuBois","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. EDICA '90 'Paperless Trading \u2014 Strategies for the 1990s Sydney"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB17","first-page":"31","article-title":"An IESF primer: what it is and why","author":"Ellinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Manufacturing Systems"},{"issue":"Winter","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB18","article-title":"Electronic data interchange: does it change the purchasing process?","author":"Emmelhainz","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Purchasing and Materials Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB19","series-title":"Electronic Data Interchange: A Total Management Guide Van","author":"Emmelhainz","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.1991.7","article-title":"Strategic information systems planning: myths, reality and guidelines for successful implementation","volume":"1","author":"Galliers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-6016(94)90017-5","article-title":"Information systems, operational research and business reengineering","volume":"1","author":"Galliers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. Trans. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.1991.tb00030.x","article-title":"Information systems management and strategy formulation: the \u201cStages of Growth\u201d model revisited","volume":"1","author":"Galliers","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB23","series-title":"Warwick Business School Working Paper","article-title":"Organizational learning and IT: steps towards managing and planning strategic information systems","author":"Galliers","year":"1993"},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB24","article-title":"CALS\/EDI \u2014 commercial future","author":"Gessin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. CALS Pacific '92 \u2014 2nd International Conference on Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support in Australia and the Pacific Rim S"},{"issue":"July\/August","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB25","first-page":"104","article-title":"Reengineering work: don't automate, obliterate","author":"Hammer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Harvard Business Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB26","series-title":"American Hospital Supply Corporation (A) The ASAP System","article-title":"Harvard Business School Case #9-186-005","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB27","series-title":"Baxter Healthcare Corporation: ASAP Express","article-title":"Harvard Business School Case #-188-080","year":"1988"},{"issue":"October","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB28","article-title":"Getting started","author":"Hill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. IIR Conf. EDI: Profiting from Paperless Transactions Sydney"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB29","first-page":"193","article-title":"EDI \u2014 the competitive edge","author":"Hill","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. SOST '89 \u2014 1st Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference Terrigal, New South Wales"},{"issue":"May","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB30","first-page":"209","article-title":"Electronic data interchange (EDI) in the Australian automotive industry","author":"Hollands","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. SOST '89 \u2014 1st Shaping Organisations, Shaping Technology Conference Terrigal, New South Wales"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB31","article-title":"What chief executive officers, managing directors and senior management need to know about EDI","author":"Hudson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. IBC Conf. Paperless Trading \u2014 Strategies for the 1990s Sydney"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB32","series-title":"Tesco - Breaking Down the Barriers of Trade","author":"INS","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB33","series-title":"EDI Replenishes the Shelves Paper Cannot Reach","author":"INS","year":"1991"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.294.0509","article-title":"Business\/enterprise modelling","volume":"29","author":"Katz","year":"1990","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB35","article-title":"EDI for competitive advantage","author":"Langton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Special Paper \u2014 Proc. Conf. EDI '88 London"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB36","article-title":"The Australian CALS initiative","author":"Lloyd","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. EDICA \u2014 4th National EDI Users' Conference Melbourne, Australia"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB37","first-page":"68","article-title":"Will you be proactive or reactive on EDI?","author":"Lyttle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Systems\/3X World"},{"issue":"May\u2013June","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB38","first-page":"98","article-title":"Information technology changes the way you compete","author":"McFarlan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Harvard Business Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB39","series-title":"The Corporation of the 1990s: Information Technology and Organizational Transformation","first-page":"244","article-title":"Organisational change","author":"McKersie","year":"1991"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB40","first-page":"1","article-title":"The rise of co-operative systems","volume":"25","author":"McNurlin","year":"1987","journal-title":"EDP Analyzer"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB41","series-title":"The New Strategic Role of Information Systems","author":"McNurlin","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB42","series-title":"Killing the Paper Dragon: Electronic Data Interchange in Business","author":"Metzgen","year":"1990"},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB43","article-title":"GOSIP \u2014 the CALS platform","author":"Mitchell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. CALS Pacific '92 \u2014 2nd International Conference on Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support in Australia and the Pacific Rim S"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB44","first-page":"36","article-title":"Activity mapping for business process redesign","author":"Morrow","year":"1992","journal-title":"Manage. Accounting"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB45","first-page":"115","article-title":"Managing the crises in data processing","volume":"57","author":"Nolan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Harvard Business Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB46","first-page":"76","article-title":"Managing the four stages of EDP growth","volume":"52","author":"Nolan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Harvard Business Rev."},{"issue":"Summer","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/07399018908960153","article-title":"Enterprisewide information management: state-of-the-art Strategic planning","author":"Parker","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB48","series-title":"Information Economics: Linking Business Performance to Information Technology","author":"Parker","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB49","series-title":"Information Strategy and Economics","author":"Parker","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB50","series-title":"The Art of Japanese Management","author":"Pascale","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB51","series-title":"The EDI Handbook","first-page":"229","article-title":"The challenges of EDI decision making","author":"Patrick","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB52","series-title":"Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): Using Electronic Commerce to Enhance Defense Logistics","author":"Payne","year":"1991"},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB53","article-title":"CALS data exchange in NATO countries","author":"Potter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. CALS Pacific '92 \u20142nd International Conference on Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support in Australia and the Pacific Rim Sy"},{"issue":"Spring","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB54","first-page":"32","article-title":"Exploit EDI before EDI exploits you","author":"Robinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Information Strategy, The Executive's Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB55","first-page":"1","article-title":"The strategic value of EDI","volume":"27","author":"Rochester","year":"1989","journal-title":"I\/S Analyzer"},{"issue":"April","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB56","article-title":"Business strategies to get the most from EDI","author":"Rynne","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. EDICA \u2014 4th National EDI Users' Conference Melbourne, Australia"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB57","first-page":"25","article-title":"Electronic systems enhance JIT operations","author":"Sadhwani","year":"1987","journal-title":"Manage. Accounting"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB58","series-title":"The Corporation of the 1990s: Information Technology and Organizational Transformation","year":"1991"},{"issue":"10\u201312 June","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB59","first-page":"208","article-title":"The strategic impact of EDI on logistical organisation: towards a method for business redesign","author":"Sheombar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. 4th Electronic Data Interchange Conference 'EDI: Business Strategy for the 90s Bled, Slovenia"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB60","first-page":"28","article-title":"Nurturing relationships, enhancing quality with electronic data interchange","author":"Skagen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Manage. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB61","series-title":"Towards Strategic Information Systems","author":"Somogyi","year":"1987"},{"issue":"November","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB62","first-page":"27","article-title":"EDI \u2014 there's a whole lot of hustling going on","author":"Spriggs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hub"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB63","series-title":"School of Information Systems Working Paper","article-title":"An evolutionary model to assist in the planning of strategic information systems and the management of the information systems function","author":"Sutherland","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2575.1992.tb00071.x","article-title":"Formal specification \u2014 an analytic tool for (management) information systems","volume":"2","author":"Swatman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB65","article-title":"Electronic data interchange: a high-level formal specification in Object-Z","author":"Swatman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. ASWEC '91 \u2014 6th Australian Software Engineering Conference Sydney, Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB66","series-title":"Z User Workshop, York 1991","first-page":"125","article-title":"Extending the useful application domain for formal methods","author":"Swatman","year":"1992"},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB67","article-title":"Integrating electronic data interchange with existing organisational structure and internal application systems: the Australian experience","author":"Swatman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Curtin University Department of Computer Science Technical Report 19 \u2014 1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB68","series-title":"Information Technology Assessment","first-page":"117","article-title":"Organisational, sectoral and international implications of electronic data interchange","author":"Swatman","year":"1990"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB69","first-page":"22","article-title":"Australian involvement in electronic data interchange \u2014 1989","author":"Swatman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Australian Computer Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB70","series-title":"Data-bases in the 1990s: 2","first-page":"354","article-title":"Electronic data interchange: organisational opportunity \u2014 not technical problem","author":"Swatman","year":"1991"},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB71","first-page":"182","article-title":"Trading blocs and electronic data interchange: the implications of Europe's single unified market","author":"Swatman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. 4th International Electronic Data Interchange Conference Bled, Yugoslavia"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB72","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS '91)","first-page":"141","article-title":"Integrating EDI into the organisation's systems: a model of the stages of integration","author":"Swatman","year":"1991"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1992.9960119","article-title":"EDI system integration: a definition and literature survey","volume":"8","author":"Swatman","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Information Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB74","article-title":"The urgent case for EDI standards","author":"Swatman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Conf. ACC '91 \u2014 Australian Computer Conference Adelaide, Australia"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB75","article-title":"An Investigation of the Technical Issues of EDI System Integration","author":"Thavasuthan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Murdoch University Honours Thesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB76","series-title":"Report of a Master's Thesis in Business Administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam","article-title":"EDI Message Requirements in Supply","author":"van der Laan","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB77","series-title":"EDI: Business Strategy for the '90s \u2014 Proceedings of the 4th Electronic Data Interchange Conference","first-page":"196","article-title":"EDI enterprise analysis","author":"Vogel","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB78","series-title":"Supplynet Strategic Plan for Western Australia","author":"Western","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB79","series-title":"25 Key Issues in EDI: Challenges for Users and Vendors","author":"Watkins","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1_BIB80","series-title":"Strategic Information Systems","author":"Wiseman","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Strategic Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0963868794900051?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:0963868794900051?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T03:57:11Z","timestamp":1554955031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/0963868794900051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}},"alternative-id":["0963868794900051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0963-8687(94)90005-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0963-8687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0963-8687","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]}}}