{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:23:08Z","timestamp":1777429388330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781558602007","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]],"date-time":"2014-06-30T06:11:40Z","timestamp":1404108700000},"page":"475-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Refinement of Approximate Reasoning-based Controllers by Reinforcement Learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Berenji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sterling","family":"Software","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib1","unstructured":"C. W. Anderson. Learning and Problem Solving with Multilayer Connectionist Systems. PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts, 1986."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib2","unstructured":"C. W. Anderson. Strategy learning with multilayer connectionist representation. Technical Report TR87\u2013509.3, GTE Laboratories Inc., May 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313077","article-title":"Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems","volume":"13","author":"Barto","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib4","series-title":"Connectionist Models Summer School","first-page":"35","article-title":"On the computational economics of reinforcement learning","author":"Barto","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib5","unstructured":"H. R. Berenji. Fuzzy logic controllers. In R. R. Yager and L. A. Zadeh, editors, An Introduction to Fuzzy Logic Applications in Intelligent Systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, (to appear)."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. R. Berenji, Y. Y. Chen, C. C. Lee, S. Murugesan, and J. S. Jang. An experiment-based comparative study of fuzzy logic control. In American Control Conference, Pittsburgh, 1989.","DOI":"10.23919\/ACC.1989.4790655"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib7","unstructured":"H.R. Berenji, Y.Y. Chen, C.C. Lee, J.S. Jang, and S. Murugesan. A hierarchical approach to designing approximate reasoning-based controllers for dynamic physical systems. In Sixth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pages 362\u2013369, 1990."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib8","unstructured":"D. H Fisher and K.B. McKusick. An emprical comparison of id3 and back-propagation. In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 788\u2013793, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib9","series-title":"Reading in Qualitative Reasoning About Physical Systems","article-title":"Qualitative physics: Past, present, and future","author":"Forbus","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Langley. Unifying themes in emprical and explanation-based learning. In International Workshop on Machine Learning, pages 2\u20134, 1989.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-036-2.50004-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib11","unstructured":"C.C. Lee and H.R. Berenji. An intelligent controller based on approximate reasoning and reinforcement learning. In Proc. of IEEE Int. Symposium on Intelligent Control, Albany, NY, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib12","first-page":"137","article-title":"Boxes: An experiment in adaptive control","volume":"volume 2","author":"Michie","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90059-9","article-title":"Quantitative results concerning the utility of explanation-based learning","volume":"42","author":"Minton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022691120807","article-title":"Explanation-based generalization: A unifying view","volume":"1","author":"Mitchell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib15","unstructured":"R. Mooney, J. Shavlik, G. Towell, and A. Gove. An experiment comparison of symbolic and connectionist learning algorithms. In International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 775\u2013780, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib16","series-title":"Learning Automata: An Introduction","author":"Narendra","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022643204877","article-title":"Induction of decision trees","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Rumelhart, G. Hinton, and J. Williams. Learning internal representations by error propagation. In D. Rumelhart and J. McCelland, editors, Parallel Distributes Processing, pages 318\u2013362. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA164453"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Sammut. Experimental results from an evaluation of algorithms that learn to control dynamic systems. In International Workshop on Machine Learning, pages 437\u2013443, 1988.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-934613-64-4.50049-9"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib20","unstructured":"G.G. Towell, J.W. Shavlik, and M.O. Noordewier. Refinement of approximate domain theories by knowledge-based neural networks. In National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 861\u2013866, 1990."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib21","unstructured":"P. Utgoff. Perceptron trees: A case study in hybrid concept representations. In National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 601\u2013606, 1988."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"}],"container-title":["Machine Learning Proceedings 1991"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9781558602007500970?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9781558602007500970?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T09:58:51Z","timestamp":1763027931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9781558602007500970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991]]},"ISBN":["9781558602007"],"references-count":22,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-1-55860-200-7.50097-0","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991]]}}}