{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:46:11Z","timestamp":1752230771442},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9781558603356","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,1]],"date-time":"1994-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":757382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/b978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T02:59:18Z","timestamp":1404183558000},"page":"173-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparing Methods for Refining Certainty-Factor Rule-Bases"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"J. Jeffrey","family":"Mahoney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib1","unstructured":"Berenji, H. (1990). Refinement of approximate reasoning-based controllers by reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Machine Learning, 475\u2013479. Evanston, IL."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib2","series-title":"Rule-Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994110","article-title":"A Bayesian method for the induction of probabilistic networks from data","volume":"9","author":"Cooper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib4","unstructured":"Fahlman, S., and Lebiere, C. (1989). The cascade-correlation learning architecture. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 2, 524\u2013532. Denver, CO."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib5","unstructured":"Feldman, R. (1993). Probabilistic Revision of Logical Domain Theories. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1990.2.2.198","article-title":"The upstart algorithm: A method for constructing and training feedforward neural networks","volume":"2","author":"Frean","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/09540098908915644","article-title":"Integration of neural heuristics into knowledge-based inference","volume":"l","author":"Fu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Connection Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(88)90012-4","article-title":"Automatic knowledge based refinement for classification systems","volume":"35","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib9","series-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"167","article-title":"Probabilistic interpretations for Mycin's certainty factors","author":"Heckerman","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib10","first-page":"282","article-title":"Learning and relearning in boltzmann machines","volume":"I","author":"Hinton","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.27","article-title":"Bias-driven revision of logical domain theories","volume":"1","author":"Koppel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib12","series-title":"Hybrid Architectures for Intelligent Systems","first-page":"29","article-title":"Node error assignment in expert networks","author":"Lacher","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., and Wilkins, D. C. (1991). Improving the performance of inconsistent knowledge bases via combined optimization method. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Machine Learning, 23\u201327. Evanston, IL.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-200-7.50009-X"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/09540099308915704","article-title":"Combining connectionist and symbolic learning to refine certainty-factor rule-bases","volume":"5","author":"Mahoney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Connection Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib15","first-page":"2191","article-title":"Learning in feedforward layered networks: The tiling algorithm","volume":"A22","author":"Mezard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Physics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib16","first-page":"126","article-title":"Learning by being told and learning from examples: An experimental comparison of the two methods of knowledge acquisition in the context of developing an expert system for soybean disease diagnosis","volume":"4","author":"Michalski","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib17","article-title":"Training knowledge-based neural networks to recognize genes in DNA sequences","volume":"3","author":"Noordewier","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)83577-3","article-title":"Escherichia coli promoters","volume":"264","author":"O'Neill","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib19","unstructured":"Opitz, D. W., and Shavlik, J. W. (1993). Heuristically expanding knowledge-based neural networks. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial intelligence, 512\u2013517. Chamberry, France."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib20","unstructured":"Ourston, D., and Mooney, R. (1990). Changing the rules: A comprehensive approach to theory refinement. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 815\u2013820. Detroit, MI."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib21","series-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","author":"Pearl","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116251","article-title":"Induction of decision trees","volume":"1","author":"Quinlan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib23","first-page":"318","article-title":"Learning internal representations by error propagation","volume":"I","author":"Rumelhart","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwalb, E. (1993). Compiling Bayesian networks into neural networks. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Machine Learning, 291\u2013297. Amherst, MA.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-307-3.50044-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib25","series-title":"A Mathematical Theory of Evidence","author":"Shafer","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib26","series-title":"Readings in Uncertain Reasoning","author":"Shafer","year":"1990"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00993103","article-title":"Extracting refined rules from knowledge-based neural networks","volume":"13","author":"Towell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib28","unstructured":"Towell, G. G. (1991). Symbolic Knowledge and Neural Networks: Insertion, Refinement, and Extraction. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib29","unstructured":"Towell, G. G., Shavlik, J. W., and Noordewier, M. O. (1990). Refinement of approximate domain theories by knowledge-based artificial neural networks. In Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 861\u2013866. Boston, MA."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib30","unstructured":"Wogulis, J., and Pazzani, M. (1993). A methodology for evaluating theory revision systems: Results with Audrey II. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial intelligence, 1128\u20131134. Chambery, France."},{"key":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Information and Control"}],"container-title":["Machine Learning Proceedings 1994"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9781558603356500295?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:B9781558603356500295?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T02:41:43Z","timestamp":1649558503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/B9781558603356500295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994]]},"ISBN":["9781558603356"],"references-count":31,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-1-55860-335-6.50029-5","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994]]}}}