{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T10:18:00Z","timestamp":1779358680404,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004377","name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012479","name":"General Research Fund of Shanghai Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15218125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15218125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Engineering Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:25:42Z","timestamp":1773937542000},"page":"104581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Physics-informed data augmentation and explainable machine learning for parametric design of stainless steel columns"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Wenkang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuner","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Tai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.120721","article-title":"Machine learning in earthquake engineering: A review on recent progress and future trends in seismic performance evaluation and design","volume":"340","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003115","article-title":"Interpretable XGBoost-SHAP Machine-Learning Model for Shear Strength Prediction of Squat RC Walls","volume":"147","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.119652","article-title":"Machine learning for design, optimization and assessment of steel-concrete composite structures: A review","volume":"328","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2025.110225","article-title":"Compressive performance and design rule of CHS X-joints with local pitting corrosion","volume":"238","author":"Yan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2025.109792","article-title":"Design rule of grout-filled GFRP tube repaired corroded CHS X-joints","volume":"235","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118764","article-title":"Experimental investigation on the tensile behavior of wire arc additively manufactured duplex stainless steel plates","volume":"321","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2024.111719","article-title":"Numerical analysis and design methods of grout-filled GFRP tube repaired corroded CHS T-joints","volume":"198","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2022.109222","article-title":"Experimental investigation on compressive behavior of corroded thin-walled CHS T-joints with grout-filled GFRP tube repairing","volume":"175","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2023.111455","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steels produced by wire arc additive manufacturing","volume":"196","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2023.102027","article-title":"Adaptive variational autoencoding generative adversarial networks for rolling bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"56","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2025.103666","article-title":"Filling generative adversarial network: a novel intelligent machinery diagnostic method towards extremely limited data","volume":"68","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2024.102537","article-title":"SR-M- GAN: A generative model for high-fidelity stress fields prediction of the composite bolted joints","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125704","article-title":"Prediction and reliability analysis of ultimate axial strength for outer circular CFRP-strengthened CFST columns with CTGAN and hybrid MFO-ET model","volume":"263","author":"Tran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.120276","article-title":"Generative adversarial network approach for predicting tensile behavior and failure pattern of fiber-reinforced cementitious matrices","volume":"335","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2023.105164","article-title":"Reinforcement bond performance in 3D concrete printing: Explainable ensemble learning augmented by deep generative adversarial networks","volume":"158","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.120597","article-title":"An effective design method of high-strength steel columns with limited datasets using physics-guided conditional tabular GAN","volume":"340","author":"Mou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1002\/eqe.3862","article-title":"Base-isolation design of shear wall structures using physics-rule-co-guided self-supervised generative adversarial networks","volume":"52","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2025.120089","article-title":"Machine learning-based and interpretable models for predicting the resistance and probability of progressive collapse of steel frame-composite floor structures","volume":"332","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114577","article-title":"Lithium-ion battery digitalization: Combining physics-based models and machine learning","volume":"200","author":"Amiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2023.105134","article-title":"Ensemble deep learning enabled multi-condition generative design of aerial building machine considering uncertainties","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0105","unstructured":"Lundberg SM, Lee SI. A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (Nips 2017) 2017;30."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/JSENDH.STENG-13999","article-title":"Testing of wire arc additively manufactured duplex stainless steel double-lap shear bolted connections","volume":"151","author":"Zuo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118706","article-title":"Structural performance of wire arc additively manufactured duplex stainless steel single-lap shear bolted connections","volume":"319","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2024.112075","article-title":"Behavior of wire arc additively manufactured 316L austenitic stainless steel single shear bolted connections","volume":"202","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118501","article-title":"Experimental investigation on double-lap shear behavior of 3D printed austenitic stainless steel bolted connections","volume":"317","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117092","article-title":"Mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of wire arc additively manufactured high-strength steels","volume":"300","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2012.02.003","article-title":"Material properties of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel sections","volume":"54","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2349)","article-title":"Design of cold-formed stainless steel tubular members. I: columns","volume":"119","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2003.11.006","article-title":"Experiments on stainless steel hollow sections\u2014Part 1: Material and cross-sectional behaviour","volume":"60","author":"Gardner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2025.109256","article-title":"Machine learning surrogates for predicting axial strength in concrete-filled stainless-steel tubular columns","volume":"78","author":"Ith","year":"2025","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2021.106682","article-title":"Capacity prediction of cold-formed stainless steel tubular columns using machine learning methods","volume":"182","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2021.06.030","article-title":"Design of cold-formed stainless steel circular hollow section columns using machine learning methods","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0165","unstructured":"EN 1993\u20111\u20114:2025. Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: Stainless steel structures. Brussels, Belgium: CEN (European Committee for Standardization); 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-974X(02)00031-7","article-title":"Buckling of stainless steel square hollow section compression members","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(169)","article-title":"Experimental Investigation of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Columns","volume":"129","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2003.11.007","article-title":"Experiments on stainless steel hollow sections\u2014Part 2: Member behaviour of columns and beams","volume":"60","author":"Gardner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:11(1738)","article-title":"Behavior of Cold-Formed High Strength Stainless Steel Sections","volume":"131","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2005.05.001","article-title":"Structural performance of cold-formed high strength stainless steel columns","volume":"61","author":"Ellobody","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2006.04.014","article-title":"Structural design of high-strength austenitic stainless steel","volume":"44","author":"Gardner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2006.01.006","article-title":"Tests of cold-formed high strength stainless steel compression members","volume":"44","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2005.08.004","article-title":"Experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns","volume":"62","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2008.07.022","article-title":"Residual stresses in cold-rolled stainless steel hollow sections","volume":"64","author":"Jandera","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2009.08.004","article-title":"Testing and numerical modelling of lean duplex stainless steel hollow section columns","volume":"31","author":"Theofanous","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2010.10.004","article-title":"Behaviour of short and slender concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns","volume":"67","author":"Uy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s13296-013-1013-x","article-title":"Experimental and theoretical study on the behavior of cold-formed stainless steel stub columns","volume":"13","author":"Shu","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Steel Structures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2013.01.001","article-title":"Tests of pin-ended cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2012.09.004","article-title":"Cold-formed high strength stainless steel cross-sections in compression considering interaction effects of constituent plate elements","volume":"80","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2014.01.006","article-title":"Structural performance of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns","volume":"83","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2014.11.014","article-title":"Behaviour of structural stainless steel cross-sections under combined loading \u2013 Part I: Experimental study","volume":"89","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2015.04.001","article-title":"Tests of cold-formed and welded stainless steel beam-columns","volume":"111","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2016.12.006","article-title":"Interaction of local-flexural buckling for cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel hollow columns","volume":"112","author":"Anbarasu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2019.01.011","article-title":"Experimental and numerical study of cold-drawn duplex stainless steel square tube columns","volume":"156","author":"Shu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2019.106203","article-title":"Finite element analysis of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns at elevated temperatures","volume":"143","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0270","article-title":"Tests on stainless steel frames. Part I: Preliminary tests and experimental set-up","volume":"157","author":"Arrayago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2020.106072","article-title":"Design of cold-rolled stainless steel rectangular hollow section columns","volume":"170","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0280","article-title":"Compression behaviour of stainless-steel stub square tubular columns at cold-region low temperatures","volume":"187","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/87.4.954","article-title":"A new family of power transformations to improve normality or symmetry","volume":"87","author":"Yeo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0290","unstructured":"Xu L, Skoularidou M, Cuesta-Infante A, Veeramachaneni K. Modeling Tabular Data using Conditional GAN. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (Nips 2019) 2019;32."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0295","unstructured":"Ma C, Tschiatschek S, Turner R, Herna'ndez-Lobato JM, Zhang C. VAEM: a Deep Generative Model for Heterogeneous Mixed Type Data. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33, Neurips 2020 2020;33."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen T, Guestrin C. XGBoost: A scalable tree boosting system. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, August 13-17, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA; 785-794.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0305","unstructured":"Ke G, Meng Q, Finley T, Wang T, Chen W, Ma W, Ye Q, Liu T-Y. LightGBM: A Highly Efficient Gradient Boosting Decision Tree. In: NIPS'17: Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, 3149-3157."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2024.105598","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for multi-objective optimization in BIM-based green building design","volume":"166","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2023.102130","article-title":"A LightGBM-based strategy to predict tunnel rockmass class from TBM construction data for building control","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2023.110817","article-title":"Additive manufacturing oriented parametric topology optimization design and numerical analysis of steel joints in gridshell structures","volume":"188","author":"Zuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117123","article-title":"Parametric topology optimization design and analysis of additively manufactured joints in spatial grid structures","volume":"300","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2017.05.003","article-title":"Parametric design thinking: A case-study of practice-embedded architectural research","volume":"52","author":"Bhooshan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2026.122148","article-title":"Parametric optimization design and testing of 3D printed stainless steel circular X-joints","volume":"67","author":"Zuo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2015.01.001","article-title":"Performance-based parametric design explorations: A method for generating appropriate building components","volume":"38","author":"Ercan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_bib378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104483","article-title":"Generative inverse design of steel gridshell joints with multi-objective optimisation","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0345","unstructured":"Grasshopper. Grasshopper (Version 1.0). Robert McNeel & Associates, (TLM, Inc.). USA; 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0350","unstructured":"Rhinoceros-3D. Rhinoceros 3D (Version 8.0). Robert McNeel & Associates, (TLM, Inc.). USA; 2025."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/JSENDH.STENG-13392","article-title":"Post-fire behavior of cold-formed steel semi-oval hollow stub columns","volume":"150","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2023.111309","article-title":"Structural behaviour of cold-formed steel elliptical hollow section stub columns after exposure to ISO-834 fire curve","volume":"197","author":"Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/JSENDH.STENG-12277","article-title":"Tests of cold-formed steel T-joints with semi-oval hollow section chord","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Struct. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2020.106278","article-title":"Compressive strength of collar plate reinforced SHS T-joints: Effect of geometrical parameters and chord stress ratio","volume":"174","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2020.110308","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of geometrical design parameters on the compressive strength of the vertical inner-plate reinforced square hollow section T-joints: A finite element study","volume":"208","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."}],"container-title":["Advanced Engineering Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1474034626002739?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1474034626002739?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:13:21Z","timestamp":1777587201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1474034626002739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S1474034626002739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-0346"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-0346","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Physics-informed data augmentation and explainable machine learning for parametric design of stainless steel columns","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advanced Engineering Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aei.2026.104581","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104581"}}