{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:47:26Z","timestamp":1776876446500,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62276097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62276097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62136003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62136003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015604","name":"Shanghai Polytechnic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015604","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1711700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1711700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21002411000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21002411000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T22:07:49Z","timestamp":1775945269000},"page":"115167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Combining sparse evolutionary operators and deep reinforcement learning for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1328-2088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengqi","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2019.06.010","article-title":"Differential evolution based on reinforcement learning with fitness ranking for solving multimodal multiobjective problems","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"A pattern mining-based evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2020.2967501","article-title":"Evolutionary large-scale multiobjective optimization for ratio error estimation of voltage transformers","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2019.2918140","article-title":"An evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No. 04TH8753)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neural network regularization and ensembling using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Jin","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2022.101119","article-title":"A multi-stage knowledge-guided evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multi-objective optimization problems","volume":"73","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107538","article-title":"An ensemble feature selection algorithm based on pagerank centrality and fuzzy logic","volume":"233","author":"Joodaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0040","first-page":"4061","article-title":"Power grid fault diagnosis based on immune clonal constrained multi-objective optimization method","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Power Syst. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107968","article-title":"Self-attention neural architecture search for semantic image segmentation","volume":"239","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.107582","article-title":"A new approach to the bi-criteria multi-period fuzzy portfolio selection","volume":"234","author":"Dymova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0055","first-page":"319","article-title":"Sparse signal reconstruction by swarm intelligence algorithms","volume":"24","author":"Erkoc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evolutionary large-scale multi-objective optimization: a survey","volume":"54","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2020.3009390","article-title":"An efficient recursive differential grouping for large-scale continuous problems","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2015.2455812","article-title":"A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decision variable analyses for multiobjective optimization problems with large-scale variables","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106120","article-title":"A clustering and dimensionality reduction based evolutionary algorithm for large-scale multi-objective problems","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2019.2896002","article-title":"Accelerating large-scale multiobjective optimization via problem reformulation","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3696","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2906383","article-title":"Efficient large-scale multiobjective optimization based on a competitive swarm optimizer","volume":"50","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.10.007","article-title":"Solving large-scale many-objective optimization problems by covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy with scalable small subpopulations","volume":"509","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0095","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved sparseea for sparse large-scale multi-objective optimization problems","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21116","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-023-04574-9","article-title":"An efficient evolutionary algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.2979930","article-title":"Solving large-scale multiobjective optimization problems with sparse optimal solutions via unsupervised neural networks","volume":"51","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2024.124548","article-title":"Enhancing evolutionary algorithms with pattern mining for sparse large-scale multi-objective optimization problems","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-025-06291-x","article-title":"Adaptive sparsity detection-based evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multi-objective optimization problems","volume":"55","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8577","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2921159","article-title":"Deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based energy harvesting wireless communications","volume":"6","author":"Qiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0125","series-title":"Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning","author":"Lillicrap","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3089476","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization for uav-assisted wireless powered IOT networks based on extended DDPG algorithm","volume":"69","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0135","author":"Pourchot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0140","series-title":"2020 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)","first-page":"1179","article-title":"Emergence and stability of self-evolved cooperative strategies using stochastic machines","author":"Kuan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0145","series-title":"International Conference on Swarm Intelligence","first-page":"112","article-title":"Cooperative search strategies of multiple UAVS based on clustering using minimum spanning tree","author":"Zhu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2021.101025","article-title":"Benefits of sparse population sampling in multi-objective evolutionary computing for large-scale sparse optimization problems","volume":"69","author":"Kropp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2023.101453","article-title":"A multi-granularity clustering based evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multi-objective optimization","volume":"84","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0160","article-title":"A co-evolutionary algorithm based on sparsity clustering for sparse large-scale multi-objective optimization","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121569","article-title":"An enhanced competitive swarm optimizer with strongly robust sparse operator for large-scale sparse multi-objective optimization problem","volume":"690","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.01.115","article-title":"Multi-stage dimension reduction for expensive sparse multi-objective optimization problems","volume":"440","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105437","article-title":"A fast clustering based evolutionary algorithm for super-large-scale sparse multi-objective optimization","volume":"10","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2022.101093","article-title":"A two-stage evolutionary algorithm for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2025.3558354","article-title":"Knowledge learning-based dimensionality reduction for solving large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"55","author":"Shao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6989","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3446822","article-title":"Efficient sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization based on cross-scale knowledge fusion","volume":"54","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6280","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3418346","article-title":"Sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization by identifying nonzero decision variables","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2024.124341","article-title":"A two-layer encoding learning swarm optimizer based on frequent itemsets for sparse large-scale multi-objective optimization","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE\/CAA J. Autom. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2025.102000","article-title":"A heterogeneous sparsity knowledge guided evolutionary algorithm for sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization","volume":"96","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01752-1","article-title":"An adjoint feature-selection-based evolutionary algorithm for sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0215","series-title":"2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA)","first-page":"37","article-title":"UAV AIR combat autonomous maneuver decision based on DDPG algorithm","author":"Yang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2908171","article-title":"Distributed energy-efficient multi-uav navigation for long-term communication coverage by deep reinforcement learning","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0225","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Autonomous UAV navigation: a ddpg-based deep reinforcement learning approach","author":"Bouhamed","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252754","article-title":"Optimizing hyperparameters of deep reinforcement learning for autonomous driving based on whale optimization algorithm","volume":"16","author":"Ashraf","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0235","author":"Khadka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0240","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"4264","article-title":"Guided evolutionary strategies: augmenting random search with surrogate gradients","author":"Maheswaranathan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2014.2310495","article-title":"A novel risk decision making based on decision-theoretic rough sets under hesitant fuzzy information","volume":"23","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0250","series-title":"International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing","first-page":"1","article-title":"An outline of a theory of three-way decisions","author":"Yao","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2014.2350987","article-title":"Twoarch2: an improved two-archive algorithm for many-objective optimization","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177734","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3020590","article-title":"An improved DDPG and its application based on the double-layer BP neural network","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0265","series-title":"IJCAI","first-page":"1778","article-title":"Bayesian optimization in high dimensions via random embeddings","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0270","series-title":"ICGA","first-page":"217","article-title":"Epistasis in genetic algorithms: an experimental design perspective","author":"Reeves","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0275","series-title":"Foundations of Genetic Algorithms","first-page":"221","article-title":"Fundamental principles of deception in genetic search","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Whitley","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0280","series-title":"Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization","first-page":"105","article-title":"Scalable test problems for evolutionary multiobjective optimization","author":"Deb","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3256183","article-title":"Improved evolutionary operators for sparse large-scale multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"28","author":"Kropp","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2016.2600642","article-title":"A decision variable clustering-based evolutionary algorithm for large-scale many-objective optimization","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2017.2742868","article-title":"Platemo: a matlab platform for evolutionary multi-objective optimization [educational forum]","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0300","first-page":"115","article-title":"Simulated binary crossover for continuous search space","volume":"9","author":"Deb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Complex Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0305","first-page":"30","article-title":"A combined genetic adaptive search (geneas) for engineering design","volume":"26","author":"Deb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109591","article-title":"A decomposition based multi-objective heat transfer search algorithm for structure optimization","volume":"253","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl.-based Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.797969","article-title":"Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength pareto approach","volume":"3","author":"Zitzler","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2003.810758","article-title":"Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: an analysis and review","volume":"7","author":"Zitzler","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."}],"container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626006150?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626006150?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:04:38Z","timestamp":1776873878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568494626006150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S1568494626006150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-4946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-4946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combining sparse evolutionary operators and deep reinforcement learning for large-scale sparse multiobjective optimization problems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Soft Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115167","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115167"}}