{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:23:28Z","timestamp":1783128208614,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007620","name":"Department of Education of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42071428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42071428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009015","name":"Liaoning Technical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:17:02Z","timestamp":1776701822000},"page":"115273","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A deep learning-based approach for intelligent detection of road manhole cover conditions using a mobile data acquisition system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1539-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiguang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib1","first-page":"372","article-title":"Research on real-time manhole cover detection from vehicle based on deep learning","volume":"1154","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Manuf. Autom. XIII"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103155","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3579665","article-title":"YOLO-CSMD: integrating improved convolutional techniques for manhole cover defect detection","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6510439","article-title":"Damage evaluation of the paving around manholes under vehicle dynamic load","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-018-0537-1","article-title":"Smart cities and digitized urban management","volume":"60","author":"Brandt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2025.141907","article-title":"Yolov11-CAFM model in ground penetrating radar image for pavement distress detection and optimization study","volume":"485","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102422","article-title":"Customized mobile LiDAR system for manhole cover detection and identification","volume":"19","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib7","article-title":"Enhancing road safety: a convolutional neural network based approach for road damage detection","volume":"20","author":"Bouhsissin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mach. Learn. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103651","article-title":"Detection and localization of manhole and joint covers in radar images by support vector machine and hough transform","volume":"126","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"A content-adaptive hierarchical deep learning model for detecting arbitrary-oriented road surface elements using MLS point clouds","volume":"61","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib10","article-title":"Yolov5s-M: a deep learning network model for road pavement damage detection from urban street-view imagery","volume":"120","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104344","article-title":"Smartphone-based road manhole cover detection and classification","volume":"140","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052676","article-title":"Data-augmented deep learning models for abnormal road manhole cover detection","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.107778","article-title":"Automated detection and quantification of pavement cracking around manhole","volume":"130","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2024.3509772","article-title":"Development of cast iron manhole cover with broadband-radio-transmission characteristics applying spiral structure","volume":"24","author":"Tateishi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2014.2301195","article-title":"Automated Detection of Road Manhole and Sewer Well Covers From Mobile LiDAR Point Clouds","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"EEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16716","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2022.2115151","article-title":"Geometric and radiometric constraints-based extraction of urban road manhole covers and their maintenance-related information using mobile laser scanning data","volume":"37","author":"Yadav","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geocarto Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2504401","article-title":"Detection of manhole covers in high-resolution aerial images of urban areas by combining two methods","volume":"9","author":"Pasquet","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2728680","article-title":"Automatic pavement object detection using superpixel segmentation combined with conditional random field","volume":"19","author":"Sultani","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.01.025","article-title":"Rotation-aware and multi-scale convolutional neural network for object detection in remote sensing images","volume":"161","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2019.2916156","article-title":"Road manhole cover delineation using mobile laser scanning point cloud data","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3820","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12223820","article-title":"Manhole Cover Detection on Rasterized Mobile Mapping Point Cloud Data Using Transfer Learned Fully Convolutional Neural Networks","volume":"12","author":"Mattheuwsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib22","first-page":"333","article-title":"Manhole cover localization in aerial images with a deep learning approach","volume":"42","author":"Commandre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8445","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2019.2921111","article-title":"Detecting small objects in urban settings using SlimNet Model","volume":"57","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4450","DOI":"10.3390\/s20164450","article-title":"Storm-drain and manhole detection using the RetinaNet method","volume":"20","author":"Junior","year":"2020","journal-title":"sensors"},{"issue":"Part C","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib25","article-title":"EPDD-YOLO: an efficient benchmark for pavement damage detection based on Mamba-YOLO","volume":"253","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13708","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01350","article-title":"Coordinate attention for efficient mobile network design","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"2021 IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib27","series-title":"2017 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"936","article-title":"Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection","author":"Lin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8759","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00913","article-title":"Path aggregation network for instance segmentation","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018 IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib29","first-page":"103031","article-title":"VMamba: visual state space model","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. 38th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-019-1923-y","article-title":"A Large Chinese Text Dataset in the Wild","volume":"34","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.113525","article-title":"Rapid Detection and Identification of Road Manhole Cover Safety Hazards in Complex Scenarios","volume":"182","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib32","article-title":"Road Manhole Cover Defect Detection Via Multi-Scale Edge Enhancement and Feature Aggregation Pyramid","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"part C","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib33","article-title":"Ards-YOLO: Intelligent Detection of Asphalt Road Damages and Evaluation of Pavement Condition in Complex Scenarios","volume":"242","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120764","article-title":"Oslpnet: A Neural Network Model for Street Lamp Post Extraction from Street View Imagery","volume":"231","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2024.1337984","article-title":"Improved YOLOX-based Detection of Condition of Road Manhole Covers","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Built Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib36","unstructured":"Tzutalin, LabelImg, 2015, \u3008https:\/\/github.com\/tzutalin\/labelImg\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7464","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00721","article-title":"YOLOv7: Trainable Bag-of-Freebies Sets New State-of-the-Art for Real-Time Object Detectors","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib38","unstructured":"M. Yaseen. What is YOLOv8: An In-Depth Exploration of the Internal Features of the Next-Generation Object Detector, 2024, \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2408.15857\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107984","DOI":"10.52202\/079017-3429","article-title":"YOLOv10: Real-Time End-to-End Object Detection","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib40","unstructured":"Y. Tian, Q. Ye and D. Doermann. YOLOv12: Attention-Centric Real-Time Object Detectors, 2025, \u3008https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2502.12524\u3009."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks","volume":"39","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16965","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605","article-title":"DETRs Beat YOLOs on Real-time Object Detection","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"2024 IEEE\/CVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2024.104614","article-title":"Road Marking Defect Detection based on CFG_SI_YOLO Network","volume":"153","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process"}],"container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626007210?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626007210?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T01:02:54Z","timestamp":1783126974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568494626007210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1568494626007210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-4946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-4946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A deep learning-based approach for intelligent detection of road manhole cover conditions using a mobile data acquisition system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Soft Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115273","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115273"}}