{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:58:04Z","timestamp":1780984684354,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:22:17Z","timestamp":1780503737000},"page":"115644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["An analysis of deepfake technology: A systematic review of creation, detection, and mitigation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Archana","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1736-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankit Kumar","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0005","series-title":"Deeptrace: The State of Deepfakes: Landscape, Threats, and Impact","author":"Ajder","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0010","series-title":"The State of Deepfakes 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0015","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks","volume":"27","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0020","article-title":"The creation and detection of deepfakes","author":"Mirsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00459-2","article-title":"The distinct wrong of deepfakes","volume":"34","author":"de Ruiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Philosophy and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3154404","article-title":"Deepfake detection: a systematic literature review","author":"Rana","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.13201","article-title":"A survey on deep learning based reenactment methods for deepfake applications","author":"Dhanyalakshmi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IET Image Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-024-04634-8","article-title":"Deepfakes: a survey and introduction to the topical collection","author":"Cavedon-Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03766-z","article-title":"Deepfakes generation and detection: state-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forward","volume":"53","author":"Masood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12163407","article-title":"Digital face manipulation creation and detection: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/23742917.2023.2192888","article-title":"A systematic literature review on the effectiveness of deepfake detection techniques","volume":"7","author":"Stroebel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cyber Security Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/computers12100216","article-title":"Deepfake attacks: generation, detection, datasets, challenges, and research directions","author":"Naitali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1520","article-title":"Deepfake detection using deep learning methods: a systematic and comprehensive review","author":"Heidari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0070","series-title":"2024 IEEE 9th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT 2024)","article-title":"Unmasking the illusions: a comprehensive study on deepfake videos and images","author":"Ranout","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18706-x","article-title":"A review on deepfake generation and detection: bibliometric analysis","author":"Kaushal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10679-x","article-title":"Deepfakes: current and future trends","volume":"57","author":"Gamb\u00edn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.124260","article-title":"Unmasking deepfakes: a systematic review of deepfake detection and generation techniques using artificial intelligence","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2024.1400024","article-title":"Deepfake: definitions, performance metrics and standards, datasets, and a meta-review","volume":"7","author":"Altuncu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Big Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0095","article-title":"AI video editing: a survey","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0100","unstructured":"J. Westling, Are deep fakes a shallow concern? A critical analysis of the likely societal reaction to deep fakes, https:\/\/bit.ly\/2ZsFR8L"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0105","author":"Shyam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62648","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3394755","article-title":"Systematic reviews in the engineering literature: a scoping review","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0115","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Mile-High Video Conference (MHV\u201924)","first-page":"7","article-title":"AI-based sports highlight generation for social media","author":"Midoglu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2025.3526655","article-title":"AIM-bone: texture discrepancy generation and localization for generalized deepfake detection","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biom. Behav. Identity Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0125","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"347","article-title":"All you need is your voice: emotional face representation with audio perspective for emotional talking face generation","author":"Kim","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15642","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3356122","article-title":"CIFAKE: image classification and explainable identification of AI-generated synthetic images","volume":"12","author":"Bird","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105164","article-title":"Comparing human-made and AI-generated teaching videos: an experimental study on learning effects","volume":"224","author":"Netland","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0140","author":"Shao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0145","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"26317","article-title":"FlowVQTalker: high-quality emotional talking face generation through normalizing flow and quantization","author":"Tan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0150","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"348","article-title":"ReSyncer: rewiring style-based generator for unified audio-visually synced facial performer","author":"Guan","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-024-06010-y","article-title":"Talking-head video generation with long short-term contextual semantics","volume":"55","author":"Jing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0160","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"360","article-title":"PhysGen: RIGID-body physics-grounded image-to-video generation","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2024.102893","article-title":"Purposeful remixing with generative AI: constructing designer voice in multimodal composing","volume":"75","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers and Composition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0170","series-title":"Data Compression Conference Proceedings","first-page":"113","article-title":"Enabling translatability of generative face video coding: a unified face feature transcoding framework","author":"Yin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0175","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"365","article-title":"S3D-NeRF: single-shot speech-driven neural radiance field for high fidelity talking head synthesis","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6554","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3354573","article-title":"An efficient attribute-preserving framework for face swapping","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0185","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"20","article-title":"Face adapter for pre-trained diffusion models with fine-grained ID and attribute control","author":"Han","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0190","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"74","article-title":"PixArt-\u03a3: weak-to-strong training of diffusion transformer for 4K text-to-image generation","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0195","article-title":"Inversion based face swapping with diffusion model","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0200","series-title":"MM 2024 - Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia","first-page":"6910","article-title":"CodeSwap: symmetrically face swapping based on prior codebook","author":"Luo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3098422","article-title":"Anti-forensics for face swapping videos via adversarial training","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0210","author":"Sun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0215","series-title":"2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT 2024)","first-page":"566","article-title":"BeautyGuard: style transfer-based adversarial beautification for facial privacy protection","author":"Shi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.109072","article-title":"SC-GAN: subspace clustering based GAN for automatic expression manipulation","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15725","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3306436","article-title":"StudioGAN: a taxonomy and benchmark of GANs for image synthesis","volume":"45","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0230","series-title":"Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-3575-6_20","article-title":"Face model generation using deep learning","author":"Phanindra","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0235","series-title":"Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Applied Informatics (ACCAI 2022)","article-title":"Deep fakes image animation using generative adversarial networks","author":"Manjula","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2024.103940","article-title":"LAMB: an open-source software framework to create artificial intelligence assistants deployed and integrated into learning management systems","volume":"92","author":"Alier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Stand. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0245","series-title":"Challenges in Information, Communication and Computing Technology","first-page":"825","article-title":"Deepfake detection using fine-tuned VGG16 model: a transfer learning approach","author":"Singh","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13966-x","article-title":"SRTNet: a spatial and residual based two-stream neural network for deepfakes detection","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22081","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3251417","article-title":"An improved dense CNN architecture for deepfake image detection","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111854","article-title":"A deep learning model for FaceSwap and face-reenactment deepfakes detection","volume":"162","author":"Nawaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-024-01078-z","article-title":"MIRACLE: malware image recognition and classification by layered extraction","volume":"39","author":"Alam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37163","article-title":"Detection of real-time deep fakes and face forgery in video conferencing employing generative adversarial networks","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13010031","article-title":"Multiclass AI-generated deepfake face detection using patch-wise deep learning model","volume":"13","author":"Arshed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0280","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"402","article-title":"Real appearance modeling for more general deepfake detection","author":"Tian","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-023-00695-x","article-title":"A defensive framework for deepfake detection under adversarial settings using temporal and spatial features","volume":"22","author":"Asha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0290","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficient audio-visual emotion recognition approach","author":"Alasiry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0295","series-title":"ICDCN 2025 - Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking","first-page":"340","article-title":"Scams and frauds in the digital age: ML-based detection and prevention strategies","author":"Kolupuri","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0300","first-page":"407","article-title":"A novel smart deepfake video detection system","volume":"14","author":"Elpeltagy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110124","article-title":"AVFakeNet: a unified end-to-end dense swin transformer deep learning model for audio\u2013visual deepfakes detection","volume":"136","author":"Ilyas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7367","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217367","article-title":"Deepfake detection using the rate of change between frames based on computer vision","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan12040061","article-title":"An investigation of the effectiveness of deepfake models and tools","volume":"12","author":"Mukta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sens. Actuator Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0320","series-title":"Computer Graphics Forum","first-page":"591","article-title":"State-of-the-art in the architecture, methods and applications of StyleGAN","author":"Bermano","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0325","author":"Chu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0330","series-title":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","first-page":"3697","article-title":"Fast face-swap using convolutional neural networks","author":"Korshunova","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109628","article-title":"Deepfacelab: integrated, flexible and extensible face-swapping framework","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0340","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"2387","article-title":"Face2Face: real-time face capture and reenactment of RGB videos","author":"Thies","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0345","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV)","first-page":"3443","article-title":"FaceDancer: pose- and occlusion-aware high fidelity face swapping","author":"Rosberg","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0350","series-title":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia (MM \u201920)","first-page":"2003","article-title":"SimSwap: an efficient framework for high fidelity face swapping","author":"Chen","year":"2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12061417","article-title":"Few-shot training GAN for face forgery classification and segmentation based on the fine-tune approach","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0360","author":"Li"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0365","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","article-title":"Disentangled and controllable face image generation via 3D imitative-contrastive learning","author":"Deng","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0370","series-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","article-title":"Comprehensive study and analysis for StarGAN and StarGAN-v2 in the task of image generation","author":"Cai","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5464","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2916751","article-title":"AttGAN: facial attribute editing by only changing what you want","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-023-02822-0","article-title":"MTCNN++: a CNN-based face detection algorithm inspired by MTCNN","volume":"40","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2024.3427816","article-title":"Beyond a reasonable doubt? Audiovisual evidence, AI manipulation, deepfakes, and the law","volume":"5","author":"Apolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Technol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.54660\/.IJMRGE.2024.5.5.329-333","article-title":"The real-world impact and ethical challenges of AI-driven deepfake technology in fintech","author":"Oyetunji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Multidiscip. Res. Growth Eval."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0395","series-title":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","first-page":"3","article-title":"AI deepfakes on the web: the \u2018wicked\u2019 challenges for AI ethics, law and technology","author":"Paterson","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0400","series-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine","first-page":"61","article-title":"Can deepfakes benefit the metaverse in an era of disinformation? Insights from a systematic review","author":"Stanciu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0405","series-title":"International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 19","first-page":"282","article-title":"Deepfakes: the legal implications","author":"Ramluckan","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.25082\/IJAH.2025.01.003","article-title":"From aristotle to AI: exploring the convergence of deepfakes and persuasion and their societal consequences","volume":"6","author":"Onebunne","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Arts and Humanities"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0415","article-title":"Extending the theory of information poverty to deepfake technology","volume":"4","author":"Matli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag. Data Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0420","series-title":"Navigating the Future: India\u2019s Strategic Approach to Artificial Intelligence Regulations","author":"Kashik","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0425","first-page":"75","article-title":"Regulating deepfakes to protect Indian elections","volume":"1","author":"George","year":"2023","journal-title":"Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jiplp\/jpz167","article-title":"Regulating deep fakes: legal and ethical considerations","author":"Meskys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/7084582","article-title":"Multiscale features integrated model for generalizable deepfake detection","volume":"2025","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/13600869.2024.2324540","article-title":"Generative AI and deepfakes: a human rights approach to tackling harmful content","volume":"38","author":"Romero Moreno","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Review of Law, Computers and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0445","series-title":"33rd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 24)","first-page":"1027","article-title":"SoK: the good, the bad, and the unbalanced: measuring structural limitations of deepfake media datasets","author":"Layton","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0450","series-title":"Tackling Deepfakes in European Policy","author":"van Huijstee","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.S.J. Parsan, et al., Unmasking deepfakes: a review of technology, regulation, challenges and policy implications (May, 2024, https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4906608","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4906608"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0460","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"3207","article-title":"Celeb-DF: a large-scale challenging dataset for DeepFake forensics","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0465","author":"Dolhansky"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3348450","article-title":"Deepfake detection: analyzing model generalization across architectures, datasets, and pre-training paradigms","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0475","series-title":"International Conference on Pattern Recognition","first-page":"320","article-title":"GBDF: gender balanced DeepFake dataset towards fair DeepFake detection","author":"Nadimpalli","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0480","series-title":"Proceedings - 7th International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing (MET 2022)","first-page":"7","article-title":"Fairness evaluation in deepfake detection models using metamorphic testing","author":"Pu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0485","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"9739","article-title":"DF-platter: multi-face heterogeneous deepfake dataset","author":"Narayan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0490","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"10744","article-title":"KoDF: a large-scale Korean DeepFake detection dataset","author":"Kwon","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0495","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW)","first-page":"372","article-title":"A comprehensive framework for evaluating deepfake generators: dataset, metrics performance, and comparative analysis","author":"Husseini","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0500","series-title":"ACM WDC 2024 - Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Security Implications of Deepfakes and Cheapfakes","first-page":"14","article-title":"On the correlation between deepfake detection performance and image quality metrics","author":"Kim","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0505","series-title":"ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - Proceedings","first-page":"2510","article-title":"Subjective and objective evaluation of deepfake videos","author":"Korshunov","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0510","series-title":"MM 2020 - Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","first-page":"2382","article-title":"WildDeepfake: a challenging real-world dataset for deepfake detection","author":"Zi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0515","author":"Laakkonen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118423","article-title":"ViXNet: vision transformer with Xception network for deepfakes based video and image forgery detection","volume":"210","author":"Ganguly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0525","author":"Bakliwal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82223-y","article-title":"Enhancing practicality and efficiency of deepfake detection","volume":"14","author":"Balafrej","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0535","series-title":"International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, Proceedings IUI","first-page":"61","article-title":"FakeBuster: a deepfakes detection tool for video conferencing scenarios","author":"Mehta","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0540","first-page":"126","article-title":"Applied ethical and explainable AI in adversarial deepfake detection: from theory to real-world systems","volume":"6","author":"Lad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Artif. Intell. Gen. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0545","series-title":"International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development","first-page":"215","article-title":"A study on existing deep learning models for deepfake detection","author":"Rawat","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0550","series-title":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51328-3_33","article-title":"Deepfakes for the good: a beneficial application of contentious artificial intelligence technology","author":"Caporusso","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0555","series-title":"2023 International Conference on Power Energy, Environment and Intelligent Control (PEEIC 2023)","first-page":"292","article-title":"Deepfakes: a review on technologies, applications and strategies","author":"Kaswan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0560","series-title":"A Virtual, 3D Multimodal Approach to Victim and Crime Scene Reconstruction","author":"Villa","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9820","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199820","article-title":"A novel deep learning approach for deepfake image detection","volume":"12","author":"Raza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1367","article-title":"Towards reliable digital forensics investigations through measurement science","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0575","series-title":"International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing","first-page":"219","article-title":"Combining EfficientNet and vision transformers for video deepfake detection","author":"Coccomini","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2868350","article-title":"Representation learning by rotating your faces","volume":"41","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-024-02018-6","article-title":"One-shot neural face reenactment via finding directions in GAN\u2019s latent space","author":"Bounareli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0590","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"The BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10283-5","article-title":"A survey on ensemble learning under the era of deep learning","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10039-7","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the creative industries: a review","volume":"55","author":"Anantrasirichai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0605","series-title":"2022 5th International Conference on Computer and Informatics Engineering (IC2IE 2022)","first-page":"22","article-title":"Usage of convolutional neural network for deepfake video detection with face-swapping technique","author":"Stephen","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0610","series-title":"2023 3rd International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON 2023)","article-title":"DeepFake videos detection and classification using resnext and LSTM neural network","author":"Patel","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3289171","article-title":"MFI-net: multi-feature fusion identification networks for artificial intelligence manipulation","volume":"34","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0620","series-title":"Proceedings of 2023 International Conference on Signal Processing, Computation, Electronics, Power and Telecommunication (IConSCEPT 2023)","article-title":"Detecting deepfakes with ResNext and LSTM: an enhanced feature extraction and classification framework","author":"Taviti","year":"2023"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app11167678","article-title":"High performance deepfake video detection on CNN-based with attention target-specific regions and manual distillation extraction","volume":"11","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0630","series-title":"Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection: From DeepFakes to Morphing Attacks","author":"Rathgeb","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0635","first-page":"163","article-title":"Talking faces: audio-to-video face generation","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0640","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 37","first-page":"1896","article-title":"StyleTalk: one-shot talking head generation with controllable speaking styles","author":"Ma","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0645","series-title":"Proceedings - 2023 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW 2023)","first-page":"2969","article-title":"VAST: vivify your talking avatar via zero-shot expressive facial style transfer","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0650","first-page":"1671","article-title":"Cascaded-hop for DeepFake videos detection","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0655","series-title":"Proceedings - International Conference on Computing, Power, and Communication Technologies (IC2PCT 2024)","first-page":"1939","article-title":"Deepfake videos generation and detection: a comprehensive survey","author":"Gupta","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0660","author":"Croitoru"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2019.2938863","article-title":"Unsupervised speech representation learning using WaveNet autoencoders","volume":"27","author":"Chorowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0670","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"2709","article-title":"YourTTS: towards zero-shot multi-speaker TTS and zero-shot voice conversion for everyone","author":"Casanova","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0675","series-title":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","first-page":"5939","article-title":"FragmentVC: any-to-any voice conversion by end-to-end extracting and fusing fine-grained voice fragments with attention","author":"Lin","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0680","series-title":"Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","first-page":"484","article-title":"A lip sync expert is all you need for speech to lip generation in the wild","author":"Prajwal","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3210010","article-title":"Minimum noticeable difference-based adversarial privacy preserving image generation","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0690","first-page":"12449","article-title":"wav2vec 2.0: a framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations","volume":"33","author":"Baevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0695","first-page":"6840","article-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0700","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0705","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"10684","article-title":"High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models","author":"Rombach","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0710","article-title":"Improvised detection of deepfakes from visual inputs using light weight deep ensemble model","author":"Panda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0715","author":"Tak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0720","series-title":"Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies","first-page":"481","article-title":"CNN-based model for deepfake video and image identification using GAN","author":"Sharma","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/TBIOM.2021.3059479","article-title":"ASVspoof 2019: spoofing countermeasures for the detection of synthesized, converted and replayed speech","volume":"3","author":"Nautsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biom. Behav. Identity Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0730","author":"Yamagishi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0735","author":"Khalid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0740","series-title":"Asian Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"251","article-title":"Out of time: automated lip sync in the wild","author":"Chung","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0745","series-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","first-page":"349","article-title":"DeepPhys: video-based physiological measurement using convolutional attention networks","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.30525\/2592-8813-2024-1-11","article-title":"Open source and proprietary software for audio deepfakes and voice cloning: growth areas, pain points, future influence","author":"Danylov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0755","series-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 Emerging Technologies (SIGGRAPH \u201916)","article-title":"Demo of Face2Face: real-time face capture and reenactment of RGB videos","author":"Thies","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0760","author":"Wang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0765","series-title":"2024 2nd International Conference on Networking and Communications (ICNWC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deepfake detection system","author":"Shrivas","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0770","first-page":"97","article-title":"DeepTrace: learning to optimize contact tracing in epidemic networks with graph neural networks","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Inf. Process. Netw."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0775","article-title":"Fraudsters used AI to MIMIC CEO\u2019s voice in unusual cybercrime case","volume":"30","author":"Stupp","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2022.1001063","article-title":"Audio deepfakes: a survey","volume":"5","author":"Khanjani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Big Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0785","first-page":"1753","article-title":"Deep fakes: a looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security","volume":"107","author":"Chesney","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calif. Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0790","series-title":"2024 IEEE Gaming, Entertainment, and Media Conference (GEM)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A stochastics branching process model for analyzing rumor spreading in social media networks","author":"Zin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0795","series-title":"Digital Watermarking and Steganography","author":"Cox","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0800","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"22466","article-title":"The stable signature: rooting watermarks in latent diffusion models","author":"Fernandez","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0805","series-title":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)","first-page":"406","article-title":"An introduction to the JPEG fake media initiative","author":"Temmermans","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0810","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","first-page":"2099","article-title":"Fact-checking meets fauxtography: verifying claims about images","author":"Zlatkova","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmac008","article-title":"The detection of political deepfakes","volume":"27","author":"Appel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput.-Mediat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2024.105152","article-title":"The EU artificial intelligence act (2024): implications for healthcare","volume":"149","author":"Van Kolfschooten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0825","series-title":"International Conference on Machine Learning","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Certified adversarial robustness via randomized smoothing","author":"Cohen","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0830","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"14448","article-title":"Artificial fingerprinting for generative models: rooting deepfake attribution in training data","author":"Yu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0835","series-title":"31st USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 22)","first-page":"1669","article-title":"DeepPhish: understanding user trust towards artificially generated profiles in online social networks","author":"Mink","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.06.014","article-title":"Deepfakes and beyond: a survey of face manipulation and fake detection","volume":"64","author":"Tolosana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0845","series-title":"2020 8th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","article-title":"IWBF 2020 author index","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0850","series-title":"Frontiers in Fake Media Generation and Detection","first-page":"3","article-title":"Deepfakes and society: what lies ahead?","author":"Gamage","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.48165\/gmj.2022.17.1.8","article-title":"DeepFakes- the digital threat in the real world","volume":"17","author":"Mankoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gyan Management Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s13735-022-00241-w","article-title":"A literature review and perspectives in deepfakes: generation, detection, and applications","volume":"11","author":"Dagar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Multimed. Inf. Retr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37190\/e-Inf230105","article-title":"A quality assessment instrument for systematic literature reviews in software engineering","volume":"17","author":"Usman","year":"2023","journal-title":"E-Informatica Software Engineering Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.32628\/CSEIT24105811","article-title":"Advancements in deepfake detection: a review of emerging techniques and technologies","volume":"10","author":"Degadwala","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644_bib0875","author":"Misirlis"}],"container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626010926?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626010926?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:07:45Z","timestamp":1780981665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568494626010926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["S1568494626010926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-4946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-4946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An analysis of deepfake technology: A systematic review of creation, detection, and mitigation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Soft Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115644","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115644"}}