{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:06:50Z","timestamp":1784531210546,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:03:32Z","timestamp":1784045012000},"page":"115972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PC","title":["MS2DE: Multi-stage multi-strategy differential evolution for enhanced performance on complex landscapes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1145-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6638-4225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zujun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib1","series-title":"Metaheuristic Algorithms: New Methods, Evaluation, and Performance Analysis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to metaheuristic methods","author":"Cuevas","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms: A comprehensive review","author":"Abdel-Basset","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Multimed. Big Data Cloud Eng. Appl."},{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14544","article-title":"From evolutionary computation to the evolution of things","volume":"521","author":"Eiben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-00278-8","article-title":"A biological perspective on evolutionary computation","volume":"3","author":"Miikkulainen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution-a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","author":"STORN","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2021.09.013","article-title":"Differential evolution: A recent review based on state-of-the-art works","volume":"61","author":"Ahmad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125130","article-title":"An improved differential evolution with adaptive population allocation and mutation selection","volume":"258","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.06.010","article-title":"Differential evolution: a survey of theoretical analyses","volume":"44","author":"Opara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib9","article-title":"Random contrastive interaction for particle swarm optimization in high-dimensional environment","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.10.002","article-title":"Benchmarking evolutionary algorithms for single objective real-valued constrained optimization \u2013 A critical review","volume":"44","author":"Hellwig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-022-00579-0","article-title":"A critical problem in benchmarking and analysis of evolutionary computation methods","volume":"4","author":"Kudela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2010.2083670","article-title":"Enhancing differential evolution utilizing proximity-based mutation operators","volume":"15","author":"Epitropakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2239988","article-title":"Differential evolution with ranking-based mutation operators","volume":"43","author":"Gong","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-017-0711-7","article-title":"Adaptive guided differential evolution algorithm with novel mutation for numerical optimization","volume":"10","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2023.101283","article-title":"APSM-jSO: A novel jSO variant with an adaptive parameter selection mechanism and a new external archive updating mechanism","volume":"78","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101705","article-title":"HAPI-DE: Differential evolution with hierarchical archive based mutation strategy and promising information","volume":"91","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2009.2014613","article-title":"JADE: adaptive differential evolution with optional external archive","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib18","series-title":"2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Single objective real-parameter optimization: Algorithm jSO","author":"Brest","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.08.030","article-title":"L-SHADE optimization algorithms with population-wide inertia","volume":"468","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.10.006","article-title":"Novel mutation strategy for enhancing SHADE and LSHADE algorithms for global numerical optimization","volume":"50","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109280","article-title":"An efficient differential evolution with fitness-based dynamic mutation strategy and control parameters","volume":"251","author":"GUPTA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl. -Based Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110209","article-title":"An adaptive differential evolution algorithm with population size reduction strategy for unconstrained optimization problem","volume":"138","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024653025686","article-title":"A trigonometric mutation operation to differential evolution","volume":"27","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Glob. Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.120522","article-title":"Differential evolution algorithm with a complementary mutation strategy and data fusion-based parameter adaptation","volume":"668","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.02.048","article-title":"Differential evolution with individual-dependent topology adaptation","volume":"450","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.05.058","article-title":"A novel adaptive L-SHADE algorithm and its application in UAV swarm resource configuration problem","volume":"606","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2801287","article-title":"Differential evolution with underestimation-based multi-mutation strategy","volume":"49","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib28","first-page":"1785","article-title":"Self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm for numerical optimization","volume":"2","author":"Qin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2022.101194","article-title":"Differential evolution with hybrid parameters and mutation strategies based on reinforcement learning","volume":"75","author":"TAN","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib30","article-title":"A novel hybrid adaptive differential evolution for global optimization","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2010.2087271","article-title":"Differential evolution with composite trial vector generation strategies and control parameters","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.09.002","article-title":"Adaptive multiple-elites-guided composite differential evolution algorithm with a shift mechanism","volume":"422","author":"Cui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.09.009","article-title":"Differential evolution with multi-population based ensemble of mutation strategies","volume":"329","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-019-01613-2","article-title":"A multi-population differential evolution with best-random mutation strategy for largescale global optimization","volume":"50","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib35","series-title":"2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"832","article-title":"Improving differential evolution through Bayesian hyperparameter optimization","author":"Biswas","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib36","article-title":"Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms: Past, Present, and Future","volume":"585","author":"Ting","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s43067-021-00032-z","article-title":"An advanced hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm for solving small- and large-scale engineering design optimization problems","volume":"8","author":"Verma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.70470\/SHIFRA\/2025\/006","article-title":"An Enhanced Hybrid Genetic-JAYA Algorithm for Feature Selection and SVM Parameter Optimization in Intrusion Detection Systems: Evaluation on the CICIDS Dataset","author":"Yaseen","year":"2025","journal-title":"SHIFRA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2006.872133","article-title":"Self-Adapting Control Parameters in Differential Evolution: A Comparative Study on Numerical Benchmark Problems","volume":"10","author":"Brest","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2892735","article-title":"Reviewing and Benchmarking Parameter Control Methods in Differential Evolution","volume":"50","author":"Tanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib41","series-title":"2013 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","first-page":"71","article-title":"Success-history based parameter adaptation for differential evolution","author":"Tanabe","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2014.6900380","article-title":"Improving the search performance of SHADE using linear population size reduction","volume":"2014","author":"Tanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"2014 IEEE Congr. Evolut. Comput. (CEC)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-11053-1","article-title":"Modified LSHADE-SPACMA with new mutation strategy and external archive mechanism for numerical optimization and point cloud registration","volume":"58","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib44","series-title":"2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"2958","article-title":"An ensemble sinusoidal parameter adaptation incorporated with L-SHADE for solving CEC2014 benchmark problems","author":"Awad","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib45","series-title":"2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"1835","article-title":"Improving the local search capability of effective butterfly optimizer using covariance matrix adapted retreat phase","author":"Kumar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved multi-operator differential evolution algorithm for solving unconstrained problems","volume":"2020","author":"Sallam","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib47","series-title":"AETA 2017-Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering and Related Sciences: Theory and Application","first-page":"69","article-title":"L-SHADE algorithm with distance based parameter adaptation","author":"Viktorin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib48","article-title":"Problem definitions and evaluation criteria for the CEC 2021 special session and competition on single objective bound constrained numerical optimization","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tech. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib49","series-title":"2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"372","article-title":"Ensemble sinusoidal differential covariance matrix adaptation with Euclidean neighborhood for solving CEC2017 benchmark problems","author":"Awad","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106761","article-title":"MTDE: An effective multi-trial vector-based differential evolution algorithm and its applications for engineering design problems","volume":"97","author":"Nadimi-Shahraki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2023.119656","article-title":"Toward explicit control between exploration and exploitation in evolutionary algorithms: A case study of differential evolution","volume":"649","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib52","series-title":"2023 IEEE 29th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS)","first-page":"820","article-title":"DEDF: An Enhanced Differential Evolution Algorithm with Dynamic-selection Framework in IIOT","author":"Zhou","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.120110","article-title":"A dimensional difference-based population size adjustment framework for differential evolution","volume":"660","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121091","article-title":"ACD-DE: An adaptive cluster division differential evolution for mitigating population diversity deficiency","volume":"679","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121273","article-title":"An adaptive archive differential evolution with non-linear population size reduction and selective pressure","volume":"682","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101481","article-title":"Differential evolution with evolutionary scale adaptation","volume":"85","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2011.02.002","article-title":"A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms","volume":"1","author":"Derrac","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2025.101855","article-title":"Dual-stage self-adaptive differential evolution with complementary and ensemble mutation strategies","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Swarm Evolut. Comput."},{"issue":"Part C","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib59","article-title":"Differential evolution with multi-strategies for UAV trajectory planning and point cloud registration","volume":"167","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107442","article-title":"Constraint-handling techniques within differential evolution for solving process engineering problems","volume":"108","author":"Cant\u00fa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1109\/49.56381","article-title":"A method of a spread-spectrum radar polyphase code design","volume":"8","author":"Dukic","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2009.09.016","article-title":"Ant colony optimisation for economic dispatch problem with non-smooth cost functions","volume":"32","author":"Pothiya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2018.07.152","article-title":"Parameter estimation of solar cells using datasheet information with the application of an adaptive differential evolution algorithm","volume":"132","author":"Biswas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"}],"container-title":["Applied Soft Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626014201?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1568494626014201?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:47:27Z","timestamp":1784530047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1568494626014201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S1568494626014201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972","relation":{},"ISSN":["1568-4946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1568-4946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MS2DE: Multi-stage multi-strategy differential evolution for enhanced performance on complex landscapes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Applied Soft Computing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2026.115972","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115972"}}