{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:53:29Z","timestamp":1779382409517,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T02:47:03Z","timestamp":1651718823000},"page":"100087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A scalable blockchain-based scheme for traffic-related data sharing in VANETs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7989-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El-hacen","family":"Diallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Dib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaldoun","family":"Al Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2010.06.001","article-title":"Data fusion in intelligent transportation systems: progress and challenges \u2013 a survey","volume":"12","author":"El Faouzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/computers9040083","article-title":"Cybersecurity in intelligent transportation systems","volume":"9","author":"Mecheva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736756","article-title":"Vehicular cloud networking: architecture and design principles","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700622","article-title":"Edge computing in the industrial internet of things environment: software-defined-networks-based edge-cloud interplay","volume":"56","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.050","article-title":"Edge computing: a survey","volume":"97","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Generat. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib6","unstructured":"S. Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system, 2008. Available online: https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/bitcoin.pdf. (Accessed: 14 Apr 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/info11010021","article-title":"A\u00a0\u200breview of blockchain-based systems in transportation","volume":"11","author":"Astarita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib8","series-title":"Blockchain Based Intelligent Vehicle Data Sharing Framework","author":"Singh","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2836144","article-title":"Blockchain-based decentralized trust management in vehicular networks","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib10","series-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toward a distributed trust management scheme for vanet","author":"Kchaou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2019.04.003","article-title":"A\u00a0\u200bnew-type of blockchain for secure message exchange in vanet","volume":"6","author":"Shrestha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digital Commun. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib12","series-title":"Advanced Information Networking and Applications","first-page":"195","article-title":"On the adaptation of bitcoin-like blockchains for the secure storage of traffic-related events","author":"Diallo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58241","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2890736","article-title":"Data Security Sharing and Storage Based on a Consortium Blockchain in a Vehicular Adhoc Network","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib14","first-page":"173","article-title":"Practical byzantine fault tolerance","volume":"99","author":"Castro","year":"1999","journal-title":"OSDI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Yuan, F.-Y. Wang, Towards blockchain-based intelligent transportation systems, 2016 IEEE 19th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC); 1\u20134 Nov 2016; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2016, pp. 2663\u20132668.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2016.7795984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib16","series-title":"Delegated Proof-Of-Stake (Dpos)","author":"Larimer","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib17","series-title":"Workshops of the International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications","first-page":"233","article-title":"Toward scalable blockchain for data management in VANETs","author":"Diallo","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib18","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Systems","first-page":"363","article-title":"The next 700 bft protocols","author":"Guerraoui","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib19","series-title":"The Ns-3 Network Simulator. In Modeling and Tools for Network Simulation","first-page":"15","author":"Riley","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8076","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2920987","article-title":"Blockchain for internet of things: a survey","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib21","series-title":"Annual International Cryptology Conference","first-page":"357","article-title":"Ouroboros: a provably secure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol","author":"Kiayias","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib22","series-title":"Snowflake to Avalanche: A Novel Metastable Consensus Protocol Family for Cryptocurrencies","author":"Rocket","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib23","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","first-page":"931","article-title":"Rapidchain: scaling blockchain via full sharding","author":"Zamani","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Luu, V. Narayanan, C. Zheng, et\u00a0al., A secure sharding protocol for open blockchains. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security; 24\u201328 Oct 2016; Vienna, Austria. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2016, pp. 17\u201330.","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978389"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib25","series-title":"The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant Payments","author":"Poon","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib26","first-page":"23823","article-title":"Iota-next generation block chain","volume":"7","author":"Divya","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib27","unstructured":"P. Jovanovic. Byzcoin: Securely scaling blockchains. 2016. Available online: https:\/\/hackingdistributed.com\/2016\/08\/04\/byzcoin\/. (Accessed: 14 Apr 2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib28","series-title":"Tendermint: Byzantine Fault Tolerance in the Age of Blockchains","author":"Buchman","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib29","series-title":"Algorand: the Efficient and Democratic Ledger","author":"Micali","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib30","series-title":"J.\u00a0Camenisch, D. Kesdo\u011fan. (Eds.). iNetSec 2015: Open Problems in Network Security","first-page":"112","article-title":"The quest for scalable blockchain fabric: proof-of-work vs. bft replication","author":"Vukoli\u0107","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib31","series-title":"Proceedings of the 13th EuroSys Conference 23 Apr 2018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperledger fabric: Adistributed operating system for permissioned blockchains","author":"Androulaki","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542","article-title":"Blockchain for Secure and Efficient Data Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing and Networks","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib33","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on E-Business and Telecommunications-Volume 2","first-page":"428","article-title":"Blockchain for Iot: The challenges and a way forward","author":"Makhdoom","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib34","series-title":"Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology","first-page":"239","article-title":"Efficient identification and signatures for smart cards","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen, L. Xu, N. Shah, et\u00a0al., On security analysis of proof-of-elapsed-time (poet), The 19th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems; 5\u20138 Nov 2017; Boston, MA, USA. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2017, pp. 282\u2013297.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69084-1_19"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib36","series-title":"The Dcs Theorem","author":"Slepak","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib37","article-title":"Classification of security attacks in vanet: a review of requirements and perspectives","volume":"150","author":"Al Junaid","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib38","series-title":"2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Vanet security: Issues, challenges and solutions","author":"Mishra","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib39","series-title":"2011 Saudi International Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classes of attacks in vanet","author":"Sumra","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib40","series-title":"2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in vanet security: a survey","author":"Bariah","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2019.2929420","article-title":"A\u00a0\u200bblockchain-based privacy-preserving authentication scheme for vanets","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-019-00786-4","article-title":"Blockchain meets vanet: an architecture for identity and location privacy protection in vanet","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.1266286","article-title":"Achieving wireless broadband with wimax","volume":"37","author":"Vaughan-Nichols","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE computer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/app11010414","article-title":"On blockchain-enhanced secure data storage and sharing in vehicular edge computing networks","volume":"11","author":"Firdaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875542","article-title":"Blockchain for secure and efficient data sharing in vehicular edge computing and networks","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."}],"container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096720922000288?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096720922000288?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:16:37Z","timestamp":1761869797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2096720922000288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2096720922000288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-7209","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A scalable blockchain-based scheme for traffic-related data sharing in VANETs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100087","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Zhejiang University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100087"}}