{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T20:39:05Z","timestamp":1773088745987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T02:32:59Z","timestamp":1663122779000},"page":"100111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["RecGuard: An efficient privacy preservation blockchain-based system for online social network users"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Akwasi","family":"Frimpong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward Kwadwo","family":"Boahen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rexford Nii","family":"Ayitey Sosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otu","family":"Larbi-Siaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac Baffour","family":"Senkyire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.112858","article-title":"A\u00a0personal data store approach for recommender systems: enhancing privacy without sacrificing accuracy","volume":"139","author":"Mazeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib2","series-title":"Differentially private recommender system with autoencoders, Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Internet of Things (IThings) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber","first-page":"450","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib3","first-page":"87","article-title":"A\u00a0privacy-preserving mobile application recommender system based on trust evaluation","volume":"26","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2019.01.053","article-title":"Enhanced recommender system using predictive network approach","volume":"520","author":"Zare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. Stat. Mech. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib5","series-title":"An improved (k,p,l)-Anonymity method for privacy preserving collaborative filtering","first-page":"1","author":"Wei","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib6","first-page":"146","article-title":"A\u00a0method for privacy-preserving collaborative filtering recommendations","volume":"23","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. UCS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib7","series-title":"Advances on Broad-Band Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","first-page":"173","article-title":"Reputation system for IoT data monetization using blockchain","author":"Javaid","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s40171-019-00228-3","article-title":"Configuration of data monetization: a review of literature with thematic analysis","volume":"21","author":"Hanafizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global J. Flex. Syst. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2944279","article-title":"An efficient blockchain-based privacy-preserving collaborative filtering architecture","volume":"67","author":"Casino","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib10","article-title":"Blockchain applications, opportunities, challenges and risks: a survey","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib11","series-title":"The 2018 Facebook Data Controversy and Technological Alienation","first-page":"449","author":"Mitra","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2021.01.004","article-title":"A\u00a0Blockchain-based approach for matching desired and real privacy settings of social network users","volume":"557","author":"Lax","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib13","series-title":"Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality","first-page":"39","article-title":"Enabling Users to Specify Correct Privacy Requirements","author":"Rudolph","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib14","first-page":"824","article-title":"A\u00a0privacy-preserving distributed contextual federated online learning framework with big data support in social recommender systems","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib15","series-title":"Consulting","author":"Intersoft","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2020.05.011","article-title":"Blockchain-based access control management for decentralized online social networks","volume":"144","author":"Ur Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parallel Distr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2019.101653","article-title":"PrivySharing: a blockchain-based framework for privacy-preserving and secure data sharing in smart cities","volume":"88","author":"Makhdoom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103276","article-title":"Public and private blockchain in construction business process and information integration","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. ConStruct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/s21010305","article-title":"Hybrid blockchain for IoT\u2014energy analysis and reward plan","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib20","article-title":"When good blocks go bad: managing unwanted blockchain data","volume":"57","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.11.104","article-title":"Local differential privacy for social network publishing","volume":"391","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.02.038","article-title":"Cloud-assisted secure eHealth systems for tamper-proofing EHR via Blockchain","volume":"485","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3369","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-020-04394-w","article-title":"Decentralizing privacy implementation at cloud storage using blockchain-based hybrid algorithm","volume":"45","author":"Darwish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arabian J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2021.102511","article-title":"Designing a GDPR compliant blockchain-based IoV distributed information tracking system","volume":"58","author":"Campanile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib26","article-title":"Simple and scalable blockchain with privacy","volume":"58","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10049","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22283","article-title":"Privacy-aware PKI model with strong forward security","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.05.087","article-title":"An efficient blockchain-based privacy preserving scheme for vehicular social networks","volume":"540","author":"Pu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115717","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3004250","article-title":"A\u00a0privacy-preserving multi-task framework for knowledge graph enhanced recommendation","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.3031179","article-title":"Integrating blockchain with artificial intelligence for privacy-preserving in recommender systems","volume":"8","author":"Bosri","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transc. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6060","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2962816","article-title":"Privacy-protected deletable blockchain","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.07.046","article-title":"Privacy-preserving point-of-interest recommendation based on geographical and social influence","volume":"543","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76765","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2987831","article-title":"A\u00a0blockchain privacy protection scheme based on ring signature","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.09.010","article-title":"Blockchain-based data privacy management with Nudge theory in open banking","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generat. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.06.025","article-title":"QHSE: an efficient privacy-preserving scheme for blockchain-based transactions","volume":"112","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Generat. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.102010","article-title":"A\u00a0blockchain-based scheme for privacy-preserving and secure sharing of medical data","volume":"99","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102393","article-title":"PF-BTS: a privacy-aware fog-enhanced blockchain-assisted task scheduling","volume":"58","author":"Baniata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib40","first-page":"2535329","article-title":"Exploiting Explicit and implicit feedback for personalized ranking","volume":"2016","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Math. Probl Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011196000674","article-title":"Information filtering: overview of issues, research and systems","volume":"11","author":"Hanani","year":"2001","journal-title":"User Model. User-Adapted Interact."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092643","article-title":"A\u00a0consortium blockchain-based agricultural machinery scheduling system","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib43","series-title":"The relevance of blockchain with dew computing: a review. Proceedings of the 2020 43rd International Convention on Information","first-page":"1934","author":"Sosu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib44","series-title":"Graph convolutional neural networks for web-scale recommender systems","first-page":"974","author":"Ying","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.105020","article-title":"A\u00a0deeper graph neural network for recommender systems","volume":"185","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl. Base Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib46","series-title":"Anomaly detection with graph convolutional networks for insider threat and fraud detection","first-page":"109","author":"Jiang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123519","article-title":"A\u00a0novel location privacy-preserving approach based on blockchain","volume":"20","author":"Qiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-013-9473-0","article-title":"Ethical considerations when employing fake identities in online social networks for research","volume":"20","author":"Elovici","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2013.05.105","article-title":"Distributed OSN crawling system based on ajax simulation","volume":"17","author":"Jixi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib50","first-page":"1","article-title":"Privacy and security in online social networks: a survey","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Kayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Online Soc. Netw. Media"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6150","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.6150","article-title":"LibreSocial: a peer-to-peer framework for online social networks","volume":"33","author":"Graffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Concurrency Comput. Pract. Ex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118541","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2935149","article-title":"Delegated proof of stake with downgrade: a secure and efficient blockchain consensus algorithm with downgrade mechanism","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib54","series-title":"Social Media Shaping e-Publishing and academia","first-page":"121","article-title":"Online Social Networks Security: Threats, Attacks, and Future Directions","author":"Alqatawna","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib55","series-title":"Social Media Shaping E-Publishing and Academia","first-page":"1","author":"Taha","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Online social network-a threat to privacy and security of human society","volume":"5","author":"Krubhala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib57","series-title":"Strengthening the blockchain-based internet of value with trust","first-page":"1","author":"Truong","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib58","series-title":"NeuralWalk: Trust Assessment in Online Social Networks with Neural Networks","first-page":"1999","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib61","series-title":"LandLedger: blockchain-powered land property administration system","first-page":"1","author":"Gupta","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2020.1854181","article-title":"A\u00a0novel blockchain-based privacy-preserving framework for online social networks","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Connect. Sci."}],"container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096720922000525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2096720922000525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1761869782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2096720922000525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2096720922000525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-7209","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"RecGuard: An efficient privacy preservation blockchain-based system for online social network users","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2022.100111","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Zhejiang University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100111"}}