{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T07:41:40Z","timestamp":1778398900909,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T03:41:42Z","timestamp":1751427702000},"page":"100321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decentralized Trust: NFT and blockchain-enabled evidence system using fog computing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8022-3815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mritunjay Shall","family":"Peelam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6730-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinay","family":"Chamola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brijesh Kumar","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.3390\/s19214807","article-title":"Fog computing enabling industrial Internet of things: State-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"19","author":"Basir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2023.100549","article-title":"Fog computing for next-generation Internet of things: fundamental, state-of-the-art and research challenges","volume":"48","author":"Hazra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128125","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2934998","article-title":"Survey on collaborative smart drones and Internet of things for improving smartness of smart cities","volume":"7","author":"Alsamhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1700120","article-title":"Bringing computation closer toward the user network: is edge computing the solution?","volume":"55","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69105","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2983253","article-title":"Fog computing: a comprehensive architectural survey","volume":"8","author":"Habibi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2875544","article-title":"Fog\/edge computing-based IoT (FECIOT): Architecture, applications, and research issues","volume":"6","author":"Omoniwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7157192","article-title":"Fog computing: an overview of big iot data analytics","volume":"2018","author":"Anawar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.3390\/s19081788","article-title":"The security of big data in fog-enabled iot applications including blockchain: a survey","volume":"19","author":"Tariq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s10723-023-09694-7","article-title":"Ai and blockchain assisted framework for offloading and resource allocation in fog computing","volume":"21","author":"Aknan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Grid Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2019.04.050","article-title":"FogBus: A blockchain-based lightweight framework for edge and fog computing","volume":"154","author":"Tuli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2022.2119564","article-title":"Non-fungible token (nft) markets on the Ethereum blockchain: Temporal development, cointegration and interrelations","volume":"32","author":"Ante","year":"2023","journal-title":"Econ. Innov. New Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0380","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS)","first-page":"1148","article-title":"Enhancing non-fungible tokens for the evolution of blockchain technology","author":"Khan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0260","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 International Visualization, Informatics and Technology Conference (IVIT)","first-page":"136","article-title":"Identity verification and document traceability in digital identity systems using non-transferable non-fungible tokens","author":"Eltuhami","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1108\/JKM-12-2022-0937","article-title":"Knowledge development in non-fungible tokens (nft): a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Behl","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Knowl. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.03.047","article-title":"Using nfts for ownership management of digital twins and for proof of delivery of their physical assets","volume":"146","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2307\/2645174","article-title":"Indian litigiousness and the litigation explosion: challenging the legend","volume":"33","author":"Moog","year":"1993","journal-title":"Asian Survey"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0610","first-page":"2631","article-title":"Block chain based evidence management system","author":"Sudhakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Survey Fish. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2962017","article-title":"Immutability and decentralized storage: An analysis of emerging threats","volume":"8","author":"Casino","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3232793","article-title":"Confluence of blockchain and artificial intelligence technologies for secure and scalable healthcare solutions: A review","volume":"10","author":"Sai","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143657","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3339553","article-title":"Unleashing the potential of conversational ai: amplifying chat-gpt's capabilities and tackling technical hurdles","volume":"11","author":"Hassija","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0580","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 22nd International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT)","first-page":"1","article-title":"NFTs: applications and challenges","author":"Rehman","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3390\/math10030335","article-title":"The NFT hype: What draws attention to non-fungible tokens?","volume":"10","author":"Pinto-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0670","author":"Wang"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/fintech1030017","article-title":"The non-fungible token (nft) market and its relationship with bitcoin and Ethereum","volume":"1","author":"Ante","year":"2022","journal-title":"FinTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0600","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy (ICCIKE)","first-page":"208","article-title":"An implementation of blockchain technology in forensic evidence management","author":"Sathyaprakasan","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093051","article-title":"Two-level blockchain system for digital crime evidence management","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0010","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, ARES '20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Blockchain-based chain of custody: towards real-time tamper-proof evidence management","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.09.038","article-title":"Lechain: A blockchain-based lawful evidence management scheme for digital forensics","volume":"115","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0460","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fog computing architectures, privacy and security solutions","volume":"24","author":"Mostafavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Commun. Technol. Electron. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.145","article-title":"Fog computing security and privacy for the Internet of thing applications: State-of-the-art","volume":"4","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Secur. Priv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0180","series-title":"Fog and Edge Computing: Principles and Paradigms","author":"Buyya","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19293","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2749422","article-title":"Security and privacy in fog computing: Challenges","volume":"5","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0440","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Biannual Conference on Italian SIGCHI Chapter","first-page":"1","article-title":"RAWGraphs: a visualisation platform to create open outputs","author":"Mauri","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2021.03.001","article-title":"BCFL logging: An approach to acquire and preserve admissible digital forensics evidence in cloud ecosystem","volume":"122","author":"Awuson-David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83289","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3302771","article-title":"Decentralized model to protect digital evidence via smart contracts using layer 2 polygon blockchain","volume":"11","author":"Rana","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.04.011","article-title":"Block-DEF: A secure digital evidence framework using blockchain","volume":"491","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2375213","article-title":"Reducing internet latency: A survey of techniques and their merits","volume":"18","author":"Briscoe","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2021.3056540","article-title":"A blockchain-based mutual authentication scheme for collaborative edge computing","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0690","article-title":"Electronic evidence in the blockchain era: new rules on authenticity and integrity","volume":"36","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Law Secur. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0220","article-title":"Study and implementation on the application of blockchain in electronic evidence generation","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Digit. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.09.048","article-title":"The application of blockchain of custody in criminal investigation process","volume":"192","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/17416590211039797","article-title":"Nfts: digital things and their criminal lives","volume":"18","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crime, Media, Culture"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2023.3349305","article-title":"A lightweight authentication-driven trusted management framework for iot collaboration","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2016.1143201","article-title":"Technology: bridging the gap from research to practice","volume":"45","author":"Powers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0270","article-title":"Leveraging technology to bridge the policy innovation gap in developing countries: Enhancing service delivery and public engagement","volume":"2","author":"Eze","year":"2024","journal-title":"West Afr. J. Interdiscip. Res."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s42162-022-00199-3","article-title":"Enabling end-to-end digital carbon emission tracing with shielded nfts","volume":"5","author":"Babel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0700","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS)","first-page":"224","article-title":"EE blockchain: End-to-end service regulation and efficient retrieval and categorization on the underlying level","author":"Xiong","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2762345","article-title":"Securing fog computing for Internet of things applications: challenges and solutions","volume":"20","author":"Ni","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13694","article-title":"Democracyguard: blockchain-based secure voting framework for digital democracy","volume":"42","author":"Peelam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171753","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3497298","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of interconnected blockchains: A comprehensive study of cosmos blockchain interoperability","volume":"12","author":"Peelam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2021.10.007","article-title":"Prospecting non-fungible tokens in the digital economy: Stakeholders and ecosystem, risk and opportunity","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bus. Horiz."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041264","article-title":"Sensing data concealment in nfts: a steganographic model for confidential cross-border information exchange","volume":"24","author":"Al-Sumaidaee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0250","series-title":"Smart Contracts and Contracts: The Need for Legal and Technology Assurances","article-title":"Non-fungible tokens (nfts), smart contracts and contracts: The need for legal and technology assurances","author":"Ellul","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8833","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228833","article-title":"A survey: Security, transparency, and scalability issues of nft's and its marketplaces","volume":"22","author":"Bhujel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4819","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3512791","article-title":"Enhancing security using quantum blockchain in consumer IoT networks","volume":"71","author":"Peelam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116672","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3106384","article-title":"Towards interoperable blockchains: a survey on the role of smart contracts in blockchain interoperability","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6215","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3487874","article-title":"Blockchain-enabled vehicle lifecycle management with predictive maintenance using federated learning","volume":"71","author":"Peelam","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43620","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3065880","article-title":"A comprehensive review of blockchain consensus mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Lashkari","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78994","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3294569","article-title":"A review of trustworthy and explainable artificial intelligence (xai)","volume":"11","author":"Chamola","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2020.05.008","article-title":"Privacy preservation in permissionless blockchain: a survey","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digit. Commun. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3160925","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on the applications of blockchain for securing vehicular networks","volume":"24","author":"Alladi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0280","first-page":"46","article-title":"Blockchain: A comparative study of consensus algorithms pow, pos, poa, pov","volume":"3","author":"Fahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Sci. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3391195","article-title":"A survey on ethereum systems security: Vulnerabilities, attacks, and defenses","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102145","article-title":"BitFund: A blockchain-based crowd funding platform for future smart and connected nation","volume":"60","author":"Hassija","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5100","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145100","article-title":"Blockchain private file storage-sharing method based on ipfs","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0360","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Electronics Communication Conference","first-page":"96","article-title":"A secure file sharing system based on IPFS and blockchain","author":"Huang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3027070","article-title":"A blockchain and edge-computing-based secure framework for government tender allocation","volume":"8","author":"Hassija","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0660","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (IC2PCT)","first-page":"210","article-title":"Load balancing techniques in fog and edge computing: issues and challenges","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321_br0310","article-title":"A blockchain and deep neural networks-based secure framework for enhanced crop protection","volume":"119","author":"Hassija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."}],"container-title":["Blockchain: Research and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S209672092500048X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S209672092500048X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:53:49Z","timestamp":1772729629000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S209672092500048X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S209672092500048X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321","relation":{},"ISSN":["2096-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2096-7209","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decentralized Trust: NFT and blockchain-enabled evidence system using fog computing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Blockchain: Research and Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcra.2025.100321","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Zhejiang University Press.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100321"}}