{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:04:36Z","timestamp":1785229476099,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["124E560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124E560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioSystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T17:03:51Z","timestamp":1769533431000},"page":"105714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A precision-aware spike timing determination in Courbage\u2013Nekorkin\u2013Vdovin neuron map model: Statistical approaches and FPGA-based realization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"261","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7419-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nimet","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-023-2432-1","article-title":"Memristive effects on an improved discrete Rulkov neuron model","volume":"66","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. China Technol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4784","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3327566","article-title":"Initial-offset-control coexisting hyperchaos in two-dimensional discrete neuron model","volume":"20","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2024.3451052","article-title":"Simplified discrete two-neuron hopfield neural network and FPGA implementation","volume":"72","author":"Bao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.128448","article-title":"Two-dimensional multi-tooth hyperchaotic map and application in medical secure transmission","volume":"290","author":"Bao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib5","article-title":"On addressing the similarities between STDP concept and synaptic\/memristive coupled neurons by realizing of the memristive synapse based HR neurons","volume":"32","author":"Baran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib6","article-title":"On addressing the similarities between STDP concept and synaptic\/memristive coupled neurons by realizing of the memristive synapse based HR neurons","volume":"32","author":"Baran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib7","author":"Barnett"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/14731","article-title":"Information theory and neural coding","volume":"2","author":"Borst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib9","series-title":"IEEE Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications 2015","first-page":"28","article-title":"Implementation of a fixed-point 2D Gaussian Filter for Image Processing based on FPGA","author":"Cabello","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2318012","article-title":"Neuronal synapse as a memristor: modeling pair-and triplet-based STDP rule","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transac. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2025.1571109","article-title":"Survey of temporal coding of sensory information","volume":"19","author":"Cariani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0779(93)E0056-H","article-title":"Generic excitable dynamics on a two-dimensional map","volume":"5","author":"Chialvo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.05.002","article-title":"What can spike train distances tell us about the neural code?","volume":"199","author":"Chicharro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib14","article-title":"Design and DSP implementation of fixed-point systems","volume":"2002","author":"Coors","year":"2002","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218127410026733","article-title":"Map based models in neurodynamics","volume":"20","author":"Courbage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int.J. Bifurcation Chaos"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2795435","article-title":"Chaotic oscillations in a map-based model of neural activity","volume":"17","author":"Courbage","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chaos: Interdisciplinary J. Nonlinear Sci."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13629","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4429-08.2008","article-title":"Stimulus-timing-dependent plasticity of cortical frequency representation","volume":"28","author":"Dahmen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib18","series-title":"IEEE Medical Technologies Congress (TIPTEKNO) 2022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fixed-point fpga implementation of ecg classification using artificial neural network","author":"Dal","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2022.109532","article-title":"Spectrum dependency to rate and spike timing in neuronal spike trains","volume":"372","author":"Darbin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18223","DOI":"10.3390\/s141018223","article-title":"Parallel fixed point implementation of a radial basis function network in an fpga","volume":"14","author":"De Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102707","article-title":"Spike timing-dependent plasticity and memory","volume":"80","author":"Debanne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2023.1232020","article-title":"Thinking about the action potential: the nerve signal as a window to the physical principles guiding neuronal excitability","volume":"17","author":"Drukarch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.014","article-title":"Inhibitory and excitatory spike-timing-dependent plasticity in the auditory cortex","volume":"86","author":"D\u2019amour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mathematical models of excitation and propagation in nerve","volume":"9","author":"FitzHugh","year":"1969","journal-title":"Biol. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2005.863425","article-title":"Teaching DSP software development: from design to fixed-point implementations","volume":"49","author":"Gan","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Educ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.07.014","article-title":"A brief history of excitable map-based neurons and neural networks","volume":"220","author":"Girardi-Schappo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2016.09.006","article-title":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity enhanced synchronization transitions induced by autapses in adaptive Newman-Watts neuronal networks","volume":"150","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176565","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957819","article-title":"FPGA based real-time implementation of online EMD with fixed point architecture","volume":"7","author":"Gul","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-022-09806-1","article-title":"A discrete Huber-Braun neuron model: from nodal properties to network performance","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cognitive Neurodynamics"},{"issue":"1222","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1984.0024","article-title":"A model of neuronal bursting using three coupled first order differential equations","volume":"221","author":"Hindmarsh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004764","article-title":"A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve","volume":"117","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1952","journal-title":"The Journal of physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.820440","article-title":"Simple model of spiking neurons","volume":"14","author":"Izhikevich","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Network."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-021-06647-1","article-title":"An extensive FPGA-based realization study about the Izhikevich neurons and their bio-inspired applications","volume":"105","author":"Karaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00648.2004","article-title":"Statistical issues in the analysis of neuronal data","volume":"94","author":"Kass","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib35","article-title":"Meta-learning in spiking neural networks with reward-modulated STDP","volume":"600","author":"Khoee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.3906\/elk-1309-5","article-title":"Multiple perspectives on the hardware implementations of biological neuron models and programmable design aspects","volume":"24","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126618501645","article-title":"A comparative study on determining nonlinear function parameters of the Izhikevich neuron model","volume":"27","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Circ. Syst. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.21972","article-title":"Modeling, simulation, and implementation issues of CPGs for neuromorphic engineering applications","volume":"26","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2018.02.005","article-title":"Characterizing ISI and sub-threshold membrane potential distributions: ensemble of IF neurons with random squared-noise intensity","volume":"166","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3086819","article-title":"Memristive Rulkov neuron model with magnetic induction effects","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.05.005","article-title":"A new similarity measure for spike trains: sensitivity to bursts and periods of inhibition","volume":"199","author":"Lyttle","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2024.110324","article-title":"STSimM: a new tool for evaluating neuron model performance and detecting spike trains similarity","volume":"415","author":"Marasco","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2011.00004","article-title":"A history of spike-timing-dependent plasticity","volume":"3","author":"Markram","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2012.00002","article-title":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: a comprehensive overview","volume":"4","author":"Markram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib45","article-title":"Modular networks with delayed coupling: synchronization and frequency control","volume":"90","author":"Maslennikov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib46","article-title":"Basin stability for burst synchronization in small-world networks of chaotic slow-fast oscillators","volume":"92","author":"Maslennikov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58524-7","article-title":"The impact of spike timing precision and spike emission reliability on decoding accuracy","volume":"14","author":"Nicola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10101164","article-title":"Fixed-point arithmetic unit with a scaling mechanism for FPGA-based embedded systems","volume":"10","author":"Przyby\u0142","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.129170","article-title":"Modulated spike-time dependent plasticity (STDP)-based learning for spiking neural network (SNN): a review","volume":"618","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-006-8526-7","article-title":"Fast numerical methods for simulating large-scale integrate-and-fire neuronal networks","volume":"22","author":"Rangan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib51","article-title":"Modeling of spiking-bursting neural behavior using two-dimensional map","volume":"65","author":"Rulkov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115210","article-title":"L\u00e9vy noise-induced coherence resonance in neural maps","volume":"186","author":"Rybalova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.02.009","article-title":"Which spike train distance is most suitable for distinguishing rate and temporal coding?","volume":"299","author":"Satuvuori","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2294016","article-title":"On the capabilities and computational costs of neuron models","volume":"25","author":"Skocik","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transact. Neural Networks Learn. Syst."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2008.04.011","article-title":"Decoding spike timing: the differential reverse-correlation method","volume":"93","author":"Tka\u010dik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s42081-020-00091-y","article-title":"Outliers in official statistics","volume":"3","author":"Wada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Japanese J.Statistics Data Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-018-9498-9","article-title":"Suppressing bursting synchronization in a modular neuronal network with synaptic plasticity","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognitive Neurodynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(72)86068-5","article-title":"Excitatory and inhibitory interactions in localized populations of model neurons","volume":"12","author":"Wilson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib60","first-page":"4120","article-title":"A universal configuration framework for mem-element-emulator-based bionic firing circuits","volume":"71","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transac. Circuits Sys. I: Regular Papers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12785","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3356731","article-title":"Outlier detection performance of a modified z-score method in time-series rss observation with hybrid scale estimators","volume":"12","author":"Yaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115281","article-title":"Dynamics, synchronization and analog circuit implementation of a discrete neuron-like map with pulsating spiral dynamics","volume":"186","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"}],"container-title":["BioSystems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303264726000249?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0303264726000249?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T11:19:59Z","timestamp":1779448799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0303264726000249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0303264726000249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714","relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-2647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-2647","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A precision-aware spike timing determination in Courbage\u2013Nekorkin\u2013Vdovin neuron map model: Statistical approaches and FPGA-based realization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"BioSystems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2026.105714","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105714"}}