{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:24:19Z","timestamp":1783023859844,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biomedical Signal Processing and Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:04:05Z","timestamp":1780513445000},"page":"110474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Novel adaptive dilated Bi-GRU-based pancreatic tumor detection framework in healthcare industry using ensemble features for weighted feature fusion procedure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Padmavathi","family":"Balasubramaniyam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Maheswari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijesh","family":"Sathish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Vijayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pichu Snegan","family":"Isai Selvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjiiv","family":"Gowtham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roniel Jell","family":"Louis Arulanantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagavelan","family":"Gowthaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bingxue Wang; Liwen Zou; Jun Chen; Yingying Cao; Zhenghua Cai; Yudong Qiu, \u201cA Weakly Supervised Segmentation Network Embedding Cross-Scale Attention Guidance and Noise-Sensitive Constraint for Detecting Tertiary Lymphoid Structures of Pancreatic Tumors,\u201d IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 988-999, Feb. 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3340686"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramaekers, Mark, Christiaan GA Viviers, Terese AE Hellstr\u00f6m, Lotte JS Ewals, Nick Tasios, Igor Jacobs, Joost Nederend, Fons van der Sommen, and Misha DP Luyer, \u201cImproved pancreatic cancer detection and localization on CT scans: A computer-aided detection model utilizing secondary features,\u201d Cancers, vol, 16, no. 13, 2024.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16132403"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X. Li, R. Guo, J. Lu, T. Chen and X. Qian, \u201cCausality-Driven Graph Neural Network for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer in Non-Contrast Computerized Tomography,\u201d iIEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1656-1667, June 2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2023.3236162"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Yang, Z. Lu, X. Chen, D. Xu, D. Ding and Y. Ding, \u201cGCNA-Cluster: A Gene Co-Expression Network Alignment to Cluster Cancer Patients Algorithm for Identifying Subtypes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma,\u201d IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 3556-3566, Nov.-Dec. 2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2023.3300102"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2022.3186836","article-title":"Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancers using Liquid Biopsies and Hierarchical Decision Structure","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2024.3395586","article-title":"A Causality-Informed Graph intervention Model for Pancreatic Cancer Early Diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2024.3441689","article-title":"Jie Hong; Yuting Lu; Nan Sheng; Yuan Fu; Lili Yang, \u201ca Controllability Reinforcement Learning Method for Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker Identification,\u201d","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, Oct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakamoto, Shingo, Hideto Hiraide, Mayano Minoda, Nozomi Iwakura, Misa Suzuki, Jun Ando, Chiharu Takahashi et al, \u201cIdentification of activity-based biomarkers for early-stage pancreatic tumors in blood using single-molecule enzyme activity screening,\u201d Cell Reports Methods, vol. 4, no. 1, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2023.100688"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4236","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.4c01210","article-title":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering monitoring of tryptophan dynamics in 3D pancreatic tumor models","volume":"9","author":"Valera","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorpade, Himali, Shrikrishna Kolhar, Jayant Jagtap, and Jayasree Chakraborty, \u201cAn optimized two stage U-Net approach for segmentation of pancreas and pancreatic tumor,\u201d MethodsX, vol. 13, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2024.102995"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c02287","article-title":"Ultrasound-activated PROTAC prodrugs overcome immunosuppression to actuate efficient deep-tissue sono-immunotherapy in orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse models","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tianyi Zhang; Yunlu Feng; Yu Zhao; Guangda Fan; Aiming Yang; Shangqing Lyu, \u201cMSHT: Multi-Stage Hybrid Transformer for the ROSE Image Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer,\u201d IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1946-1957, April 2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3234289"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3104460","article-title":"Model-Driven Deep Learning Method for Pancreatic Cancer Segmentation based on Spiral-Transformation","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setua, Saini, Shabia Shabir, Poornima Shaji, Ana Martinez Bulnes, Anupam Dhasmana, Swathi Holla, Nivesh K. Mittal et al, \u201cExosomes derived from tumor adjacent fibroblasts efficiently target pancreatic tumors,\u201d Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3009-3026, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.04.003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, Muhammad S., Matthias M. Gaida, Hagen R. Witzel, Shizuka Otsuka, Aamna Abbasi, Theresa Guerin, Abdalla Abdelmaksoud et al, \u201cTNFR1 signaling promotes pancreatic tumor growth by limiting dendritic cell number and function,\u201d Cell Reports Medicine, vol. 5, no. 9, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101696"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.04.004","article-title":"Tumor-penetrating iRGD facilitates penetration of poly (floxuridine-ketal)-based nanomedicine for enhanced pancreatic cancer therapy","volume":"369","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ching-Wen Chang; Yu-Ning Hsu; Ya-Han Yang; Shuo-Wen Chang; Jia-Wei Zhang; Quark Yungsung Chen, \u201cA Fast CA 19-9 Screening for Pancreatic Cancer Clinical Trials Utilizing AlGaN\/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors,\u201d IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 24, no. 20, pp. 31754-31762, 15 Oct.15, 2024.","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3445715"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111927","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3322376","article-title":"Mohamad Khairi Ishak; Faten Khalid Karim, \u201cSparrow Search Algorithm with Stacked Deep Learning based Medical image Analysis for Pancreatic Cancer Detection and Classification,\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Naga","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhongqiang Li, Zheng Li, Qing Chen, Alexandra Ramos, Jian Zhang, J. Philip Boudreaux, Ramcharan Thiagarajan, Yvette Bren-Mattison, Michael E. Dunham, Andrew J. McWhorter, Xin Li, Ji-Ming Feng, Yanping Li, Shaomian Yao, and Jian Xu, \u201cDetection of pancreatic cancer by convolutional-neural-network-assisted spontaneous Raman spectroscopy with critical feature visualization,\u201d Neural Networks, Vol. 144, pp. 455-464, December 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2021.09.006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2023.104583","article-title":"Auto-segmentation of pancreatic tumor in multi-modal image using transferred DSMask R-CNN network","volume":"83","author":"Yao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2021.102652","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer tumor analysis in CT images using patch-based multi-resolution convolutional neural network","volume":"68","author":"Asadpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaithanyadas, and DR. G.R. Gnana King, \u201cAutomated detection of pancreatic cancer with segmentation and classification using fusion of UNET and CNN through spider monkey optimization,\u201d Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Vol. 102, pp. 107413, April 2025.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.107413"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.03.015","article-title":"Chien-Ming Pan, Tsung-Chun Lee, Ming-Lun Han, Pradermchai Kongkam, Hsiu-Po Wang, Chuan-Yu Chang, and Hsuan-Ting Chang, \u201cClassification of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions using ResNet Deep Learning Network in Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy Videos,\u201d","volume":"234","author":"Clara Lavita Angelina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.07.124","article-title":"Optimized pancreatic tumor imaging diagnosis using deep neural network","volume":"108","author":"Hussain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang Sun, Li Zhang, Jian-Qiu Huang, Jing Su, and Li-Gang Cui, \u201cNon-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic steatosis with ultrasound images using deep learning network,\u201d Vol. 10, no. 17, pp. e37580, 15 September 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37580"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2023.10.006","article-title":"Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Ahmad Johari Mohamad, and Mostafijur Rahman, \u201cGooseneck barnacle optimization algorithm: a novel nature inspired optimization theory and application,\u201d","volume":"218","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162059","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3133286","article-title":"Northern goshawk optimization: a new swarm-based algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"9","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115665","article-title":"Remora optimization algorithm","volume":"185","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04684-x","article-title":"Diagnosis model of pancreatic cancer based on fusion of distribution estimation algorithm and genetic algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput. & Applic."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0150","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Detection and diagnosis of pancreatic tumor using convolutional neural network and hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm (CNN-HPSO) for image classification","volume":"25","author":"Arulmozhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lingchen Meng, Hengduo Li, Bor-Chun Chen, Shiyi Lan, Zuxuan Wu, Yu-Gang Jiang and Ser-Nam Lim, \u201cAdaViT: Adaptive Vision Transformers for Efficient Image Recognition, \u201dComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 30 Nov 2021.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01199"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/sym11010001","article-title":"Nasrullah, Sun Song and Zhouping Huang, \u201cFundus image Classification using VGG-19 Architecture with PCA and SVD,\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Mateen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0165","series-title":"Bgf-Yolo: Enhanced yolov8 with Multiscale Attentional Feature Fusion for Brain Tumor Detection","first-page":"35","author":"Kang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Shengyou, Chunfu Shao, Jie Zhang, Yan Zheng, and Meng Meng, \u201cTraffic flow prediction using bi-directional gated recurrent unit method,\u201d Urban informatics, vol. 1, no. 1, 2022.","DOI":"10.1007\/s44212-022-00015-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.53106\/160792642024012501006","article-title":"Ali Riza Yildiz, and Jeng-Shyang Pan, \u201cShip rescue optimization: a new metaheuristic algorithm for solving engineering problems,\u201d","volume":"25","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Technology"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Signal Processing and Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1746809426010281?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1746809426010281?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T19:54:02Z","timestamp":1783022042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1746809426010281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S1746809426010281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-8094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-8094","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Novel adaptive dilated Bi-GRU-based pancreatic tumor detection framework in healthcare industry using ensemble features for weighted feature fusion procedure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bspc.2026.110474","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110474"}}