{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:07:23Z","timestamp":1784308043067,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Graphics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:34:30Z","timestamp":1782052470000},"page":"104673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sparse-splatter: Multi-cue geometric regularization for sparse-view 3D gaussian splatting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5602-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1600-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1145\/3503250","article-title":"NeRF: representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis","volume":"65","author":"Mildenhall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433","article-title":"3D gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering","volume":"42","author":"Kerbl","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0003","series-title":"2022 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"5460","article-title":"Mip-NeRF 360: unbounded anti-aliased neural radiance fields","author":"Barron","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127","article-title":"Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding","volume":"41","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0005","series-title":"2023 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"20701","article-title":"SteerNeRF: accelerating NeRF rendering via smooth viewpoint trajectory","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0006","series-title":"2023 IEEECVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. ICCV","first-page":"19640","article-title":"Zip-NeRF: anti-aliased grid-based neural radiance fields","author":"Barron","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0007","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"19447","article-title":"Mip-splatting: alias-free 3D gaussian splatting","author":"Yu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0008","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"20654","article-title":"Scaffold-GS: structured 3D gaussians for view-adaptive rendering","author":"Lu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0009","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024","first-page":"165","article-title":"Mini-splatting: representing scenes with a constrained number of gaussians","author":"Fang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0010","series-title":"SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 Conf. Pap","article-title":"Taming 3DGS: high-quality radiance fields with limited resources","author":"Mallick","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2025.104362","article-title":"High-fidelity 3D gaussian inpainting: preserving multi-view consistency and photorealistic details","volume":"131","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2025.104309","article-title":"LFGS: a lightweight framework for efficient 3D gaussian splatting with minimal memory footprint","volume":"131","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0013","series-title":"2021 IEEECVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. ICCV","first-page":"5865","article-title":"Putting NeRF on a diet: semantically consistent few-shot view synthesis","author":"Jain","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0014","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. Workshop CVPRW","first-page":"811","article-title":"Depth-regularized optimization for 3D gaussian splatting in few-shot images","author":"Chung","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1979.0006","article-title":"The interpretation of structure from motion","volume":"203","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0016","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"20775","article-title":"DNGaussian: optimizing sparse-view 3D gaussian radiance fields with global-local depth normalization","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0017","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024","first-page":"145","article-title":"FSGS: real-time few-shot view synthesis using gaussian splatting","author":"Zhu","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Xu, H. Gao, S. Shen, R. Peng, J. Jiao, R. Wang, MVPGS: excavating multi-view priors for gaussian splatting from sparse input views, in: A. Leonardis, E. Ricci, S. Roth, O. Russakovsky, T. Sattler, G. Varol (Eds.), Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025: pp. 203\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-72970-6_12.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72970-6_12"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0019","series-title":"2016 IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"4104","article-title":"Structure-from-motion revisited","author":"Sch\u00f6nberger","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0020","author":"Cao"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0021","author":"Xiong"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0022","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2018","first-page":"785","article-title":"MVSNet: depth inference for unstructured multi-view stereo","author":"Yao","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00129684","article-title":"Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method","volume":"9","author":"Tomasi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0024","series-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conf. Pap","article-title":"High-quality surface reconstruction using gaussian surfels","author":"Dai","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0025","series-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2024 Conf. Pap","article-title":"2D gaussian splatting for geometrically accurate radiance fields","author":"Huang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2023.11.005","article-title":"Efficient ray sampling for radiance fields reconstruction","volume":"118","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0027","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"5354","article-title":"SuGaR: surface-aligned gaussian splatting for efficient 3D mesh reconstruction and high-quality mesh rendering","author":"Gu\u00e9don","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6100","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3494046","article-title":"PGSR: planar-based gaussian splatting for efficient and high-fidelity surface reconstruction","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0029","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"18039","article-title":"Gaussian splatting SLAM","author":"Matsuki","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Li, S. Liu, H. Zhou, G. Zhu, N. Cheng, T. Deng, H. Wang, SGS-SLAM: semantic gaussian splatting for neural dense SLAM, in: A. Leonardis, E. Ricci, S. Roth, O. Russakovsky, T. Sattler, G. Varol (Eds.), Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025: pp. 163\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0031","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"21634","article-title":"DrivingGaussian: composite gaussian splatting for surrounding dynamic autonomous driving scenes","author":"Zhou","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Yan, H. Lin, C. Zhou, W. Wang, H. Sun, K. Zhan, X. Lang, X. Zhou, S. Peng, Street gaussians: modeling dynamic urban scenes with gaussian splatting, in: A. Leonardis, E. Ricci, S. Roth, O. Russakovsky, T. Sattler, G. Varol (Eds.), Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2025: pp. 156\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-73464-9_10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-73464-9_10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0033","series-title":"2022 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"5470","article-title":"RegNeRF: regularizing neural radiance fields for view synthesis from sparse inputs","author":"Niemeyer","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0034","series-title":"2023 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"8254","article-title":"FreeNeRF: improving few-shot neural rendering with free frequency regularization","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0035","series-title":"2022 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"12872","article-title":"Depth-supervised NeRF: fewer views and faster training for free","author":"Deng","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0036","series-title":"2023 IEEECVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. ICCV","first-page":"9031","article-title":"SparseNeRF: distilling depth ranking for few-shot novel view synthesis","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0037","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024","first-page":"19","article-title":"CoherentGS: sparse novel view synthesis with coherent 3D gaussians","author":"Paliwal","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0038","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024","first-page":"335","article-title":"CoR-GS: sparse-view 3D gaussian splatting via co-regularization","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2025.104349","article-title":"SuraGS: toward efficient few-shot novel view synthesis via surface-aware gaussian splatting","volume":"131","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0040","author":"Yu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0041","author":"Paliwal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Wu, B. Mildenhall, P. Henzler, K. Park, R. Gao, D. Watson, P.P. Srinivasan, D. Verbin, J.T. Barron, B. Poole, A. Holynski, ReconFusion: 3D Reconstruction with Diffusion Priors, (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2312.02981.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.02036"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0043","series-title":"Proc. 38th Int. Conf. Neural Inf. Process. Syst.","article-title":"CAT3D: create anything in 3D with multi-view diffusion models","author":"Gao","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3687759","article-title":"GaussianObject: high-quality 3D object reconstruction from four views with gaussian splatting","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0045","series-title":"2024 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"20697","article-title":"DUSt3R: geometric 3D vision made easy","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0046","series-title":"Comput. vis. \u2013 eccv 2024","first-page":"71","article-title":"Grounding image matching in 3D with MASt3R","author":"Leroy","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0047","series-title":"2025 IEEECVF Winter Conf. Appl. Comput. Vis. WACV","first-page":"2421","article-title":"DN-splatter: depth and normal priors for gaussian splatting and meshing","author":"Turkulainen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0048","author":"Zhang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0049","series-title":"Noise Reduct. Speech Process","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pearson correlation coefficient","author":"Benesty","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3306346.3322980","article-title":"Local light field fusion: practical view synthesis with prescriptive sampling guidelines","volume":"38","author":"Mildenhall","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0051","series-title":"2014 IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"406","article-title":"Large scale multi-view stereopsis evaluation","author":"Jensen","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0053","series-title":"2018 IEEECVF Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit. CVPR","first-page":"586","article-title":"The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric","author":"Zhang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10579","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3444912","article-title":"Metric3D v2: a versatile monocular geometric foundation model for zero-shot metric depth and surface normal estimation","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673_bib0055","series-title":"2021 IEEECVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. ICCV","first-page":"12159","article-title":"Vision transformers for dense prediction","author":"Ranftl","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0097849326001445?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0097849326001445?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T16:32:07Z","timestamp":1784305927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0097849326001445"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0097849326001445"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673","relation":{},"ISSN":["0097-8493"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0097-8493","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sparse-splatter: Multi-cue geometric regularization for sparse-view 3D gaussian splatting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Graphics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cag.2026.104673","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104673"}}