{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:56:57Z","timestamp":1774969017291,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011174","name":"China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011174","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Geosciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T16:41:48Z","timestamp":1708706508000},"page":"105562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Stochastic reconstruction of geological reservoir models based on a concurrent multi-stage U-Net generative adversarial network"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Wenyao","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhesi","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xuechao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2021.104742","article-title":"A fast edge-based two-stage direct sampling method","volume":"150","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4208\/cicp.2009.v6.p1","article-title":"Challenges and technologies in reservoir modeling","volume":"6","author":"Branets","year":"2009","journal-title":"Commun. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib3","series-title":"Modeling Uncertainty in the Earth Sciences","author":"Caers","year":"2011"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-22-6547-2018","article-title":"Locality-based 3-D multiple-point statistics reconstruction using 2-D geological cross sections","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2019.104404","article-title":"3D stochastic modeling framework for quaternary sediments using multiple-point statistics: a case study in Minjiang Estuary area, southeast China","volume":"136","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.127970","article-title":"Deep convolutional generative adversarial networks for modeling complex hydrological structures in Monte-Carlo simulation","volume":"610","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-023-01086-5","article-title":"pyMPSLib: a robust and scalable open-source Python library for multiple-point statistical simulation","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth Sci. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2022WR033161","article-title":"Characterization of subsurface hydrogeological structures with convolutional conditional neural processes on limited training data","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res. e2022WR033161"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12182-019-00389-x","article-title":"Sedimentary characteristics and internal architecture of a river-dominated delta controlled by autogenic process: implications from a flume tank experiment","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Petrol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib10","series-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems","first-page":"2672","article-title":"Generative adversarial nets","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib11","author":"Gulrajani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Improved training of Wasserstein GANs. Advances in neural information processing systems, 30"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib12","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"770","article-title":"Deep residual learning for image recognition","author":"He","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib13","first-page":"1300","article-title":"Improved techniques for training single-image gans","author":"Hinz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2023.105089","article-title":"Reconstructing Three-dimensional geological structures by the Multiple-point statistics method coupled with a deep neural network: a case study of a metro station in Guangzhou, China","volume":"136","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021EA001801","article-title":"Extended GOSIM: MPS\u2010driven simulation of 3D geological structure using 2D cross\u2010sections","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth Space Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2008WR006993","article-title":"Multiple\u2010point geostatistics for modeling subsurface heterogeneity: a comprehensive review","volume":"44","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib17","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Image-to-image translation with conditional adversarial networks","author":"Isola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib18","article-title":"Adam: a method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2017.09.029","article-title":"Inversion using a new low-dimensional representation of complex binary geological media based on a deep neural network","volume":"110","author":"Laloy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Water Resour."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-022-10113-z","article-title":"A feature-enhanced MPS approach to reconstruct 3D deposit models using 2D geological cross sections: a case study in the luodang Cu deposit, southwestern China","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Resour. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-019-09794-9","article-title":"A deep-learning-based geological parameterization for history matching complex models","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math. Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib22","series-title":"Multiple-point Geostatistics: Stochastic Modeling with Training Images","author":"Mariethoz","year":"2014"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2008WR007621","article-title":"The direct sampling method to perform multiple\u2010point geostatistical simulations","volume":"46","author":"Mariethoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2013.01.003","article-title":"Reservoir modeling of shale formations","volume":"12","author":"Mohaghegh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.96.043309","article-title":"Reconstruction of three-dimensional porous media using generative adversarial neural networks","volume":"96","author":"Mosser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.09.007","article-title":"HOSIM: a high-order stochastic simulation algorithm for generating three-dimensional complex geological patterns","volume":"37","author":"Mustapha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2008.09.012","article-title":"ALLUVSIM: a program for event-based stochastic modeling of fluvial depositional systems","volume":"35","author":"Pyrcz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.46690\/ager.2021.04.07","article-title":"A general physics-based data-driven framework for numerical simulation and history matching of reservoirs","volume":"5","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Geo-Energy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib29","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JF003922","article-title":"Quantifying natural delta variability using a multiple\u2010point geostatistics prior uncertainty model","volume":"121","author":"Scheidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib31","first-page":"4570","article-title":"Singan: learning a generative model from a single natural image","author":"Shaham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conditional simulation of complex geological structures using multiple-point statistics","volume":"34","author":"Strebelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Math. Geosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2021WR031865","article-title":"GANSim\u20103D for conditional geomodeling: theory and field application","volume":"58","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-013-9482-1","article-title":"Comparing training-image based algorithms using an analysis of distance","volume":"46","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Math. Geosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse7100356","article-title":"Wave-induced seafloor instability in the Yellow River delta: flume experiments","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10596-022-10152-8","article-title":"Automatic reconstruction method of 3D geological models based on deep convolutional generative adversarial networks","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1515\/geo-2017-0048","article-title":"A location-based multiple point statistics method: modelling the reservoir with non-stationary characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Geosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2022.127493","article-title":"Stochastic simulation of deltas based on a concurrent multi-stage VAE-GAN model","volume":"607","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562_bib39","article-title":"Stochastic simulation of fan deltas using parallel multi-stage generative adversarial networks","volume":"208","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Geosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098300424000451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098300424000451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T18:00:44Z","timestamp":1722621644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0098300424000451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0098300424000451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-3004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-3004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stochastic reconstruction of geological reservoir models based on a concurrent multi-stage U-Net generative adversarial network","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Geosciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cageo.2024.105562","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105562"}}