{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T23:06:58Z","timestamp":1778972818066,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Taighde Eireann - Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\/CRT\/6049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\/CRT\/6049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers & Mathematics with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:26:59Z","timestamp":1775838419000},"page":"51-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electrical impedance tomography for anisotropic media: A machine learning approach to classify inclusions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"214","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6186-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Gaburro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3824-7442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shraddha","family":"Naidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clifford","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0001","series-title":"Seminar on Numerical Analysis and its Applications to Continuum Physics","first-page":"133","article-title":"On an inverse boundary value problem","volume":"25","author":"Calder\u00f3n","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0396(90)90078-4","article-title":"Singular solutions of elliptic equations and the determination of conductivity by boundary measurements","volume":"84","author":"Alessandrini","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Differ. Equ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0003","first-page":"113","article-title":"Identification of an unknown conductivity by means of measurements at the boundary","volume":"14","author":"Kohn","year":"1984","journal-title":"SIAM-AMS Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160380513","article-title":"Determining conductivity by boundary measurements II. Interior results","volume":"38","author":"Kohn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Comm. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2307\/2118653","article-title":"Global uniqueness for a two-dimensional inverse boundary value problem","volume":"143","author":"Nachman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2307\/1971291","article-title":"A global uniqueness theorem for an inverse boundary value problem","volume":"125","author":"Sylvester","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R99","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/18\/6\/201","article-title":"Electrical Impedance Tomography","volume":"18","author":"Borcea","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/25\/12\/123011","article-title":"Electrical impedance tomography and calder\u00f3n\u2019s problem (topical review)","volume":"25","author":"Uhlmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/00036818808839730","article-title":"Stable determination of conductivity by boundary measurements","volume":"27","author":"Alessandrini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Appl. Anal."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160420804","article-title":"Determining anisotropic real-analytic conductivities by boundary measurements","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Commun. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-9593(01)01076-X","article-title":"On determining a Riemannian manifold from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map","volume":"34","author":"Lassas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Sci. \u00c8cole Norm. Sup."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4310\/CAG.2003.v11.n2.a2","article-title":"The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for complete Riemannian manifolds with boundary","volume":"11","author":"Lassas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comm. Anal. Geom."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1081\/PDE-200044485","article-title":"Calder\u00f3n\u2019s inverse problem for anisotropic conductivity in the plane","volume":"30","author":"Astala","year":"2005","journal-title":"Commun. Part. Differ. Equ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160430203","article-title":"An anisotropic inverse boundary value problem","volume":"43","author":"Sylvester","year":"1990","journal-title":"Commun. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0015","series-title":"\u00c9tude sur la prospection \u00e9lectrique du sous-sol","author":"Schlumberger","year":"1920"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.09.017","article-title":"Loss of electrical anisotropy is an unrecognized feature of dystrophic muscle that may serve as a convenient index of disease status","volume":"127","author":"Rutkove","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1137\/S003614100444191X","article-title":"Stable determination of an inclusion by boundary measurements","volume":"37","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2005","journal-title":"SIAM J. Math. Anal."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160410702","article-title":"On uniqueness of recovery of a discontinuous conductivity coefficient","volume":"41","author":"Isakov","year":"1988","journal-title":"Comm. Pure Appl. Math."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2005.07.025","article-title":"Stable determination of an inhomogeneous inclusion by local boundary measurements","volume":"198","author":"Cristo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stable determination of an inclusion for a class of anisotropic conductivities","volume":"33","author":"Cristo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/20\/4\/008","article-title":"Identification of anisotropic anomalous region in inverse problems","volume":"20","author":"Kwon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0022","series-title":"Boll. Un. Mat. Ital. A","first-page":"243","article-title":"Remark on a paper by Bellout and Friedman","author":"Alessandrini","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0023","first-page":"351","article-title":"Analyticity and uniqueness for the inverse conductivity problem","volume":"28","author":"Alessandrini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rend. Ist. Mat. Univ. Trieste"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9947-1995-1303113-8","article-title":"Local uniqueness in the inverse conductivity problem with one measurement","volume":"347","author":"Alessandrini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans. Amer. Math. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00205-021-01718-4","article-title":"Infinite-dimensional inverse problems with finite measurements","volume":"243","author":"Alberti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Ration Mech. Anal."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3636","DOI":"10.1080\/00036811.2020.1745192","article-title":"Calder\u00f3n\u2019s inverse problem with a finite number of measurements II: independent data","volume":"101","author":"Alberti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0027","first-page":"503","article-title":"Single measurement detection of a discontinuous conductivity","volume":"15","author":"Bryan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comm. Part. Diff. Equ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1137\/0147012","article-title":"Detection of mines by electric measurements","volume":"47","author":"Friedman","year":"1987","journal-title":"SIAM J. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0029","first-page":"755","article-title":"Optimal stability for inverse elliptic boundary value problems with unknown boundaries","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl Sci. XXIX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0030","series-title":"An extensive dataset of geometric objects placed in a watertank for electrical impedance tomography","author":"Thanes","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0031","series-title":"Biomedical Engineering Online","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of electrical impedance tomography for determination of urinary bladder volume: comparison with standard ultrasound methods in healthy volunteers","volume":"17","author":"Leonh\u00e4user","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6420\/abbdcd","article-title":"Classification of stroke using neural networks in electrical impedance tomography","volume":"36","author":"Agnelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0033","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Comparison of electrical impedance tomography reconstruction algorithms with EIDORS reconstruction software, Master\u2019s thesis","author":"Brinckerhoff","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0034","series-title":"Linear and nonlinear inverse problems with practical applications","author":"Mueller","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0035","series-title":"Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann Map in EIT","author":"Syren","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0036","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"On-Line Electrical Impedance Tomography for Industrial Batch Processing","author":"Grieve","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0037","series-title":"2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)","first-page":"349","article-title":"Classification of electrical impedance tomography data using machine learning","author":"Pessoa","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11628","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3054870","article-title":"Tactile sensing using machine learning-driven electrical impedance tomography","volume":"21","author":"Husain","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2023.107613","article-title":"Optimal machine learning methods for prediction of high-flow nasal cannula outcomes using image features from electrical impedance tomography","volume":"238","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Prog. Biomed."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aae6ed","article-title":"Image-based classification of bladder state using electrical impedance tomography","volume":"39","author":"Dunne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7120422","article-title":"Towards a fast and accurate EIT inverse problem solver: a machine learning approach","volume":"7","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fuentes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0042","series-title":"On Approximation Capabilities of ReLU Activation and Softmax Output Layer in Neural Networks","author":"Asadi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2011.06.026","article-title":"A review of optimization methodologies in support vector machines","volume":"74","author":"Shawe-Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(99)00032-5","article-title":"Improving support vector machine classifiers by modifying kernel functions","volume":"12","author":"Amari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0045","article-title":"Temperature effects on conductivity of seawater and physiologic saline, mechanism and significance","volume":"6","author":"Sauerheber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.11.003","article-title":"Understanding convolutional neural networks with a mathematical model","volume":"41","author":"Kuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2018.07.011","article-title":"A systematic study of the class imbalance problem in convolutional neural networks","volume":"106","author":"Buda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1090\/S0002-9939-99-05474-X","article-title":"Optimal size estimates for the inverse conductivity problem with one measurement","volume":"128","author":"Alessandrini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Math. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0049","article-title":"Electrical Conductivity of CNT\/Polymer Composites: 3D Printing","volume":"183","author":"Mora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meas. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001_bib0050","series-title":"Graphics with Tikz in Latex - Neural Networks","author":"Neutelings","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Computers & Mathematics with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0898122126001471?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0898122126001471?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T22:22:00Z","timestamp":1778970120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0898122126001471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0898122126001471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-1221"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-1221","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electrical impedance tomography for anisotropic media: A machine learning approach to classify inclusions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Mathematics with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.camwa.2026.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}