{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:21:45Z","timestamp":1773818505666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007492","name":"Bettencourt Schueller Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-EURE-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-EURE-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Education: X Reality"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T09:55:03Z","timestamp":1773654903000},"page":"100149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Virtual reality for gender microaggression training: A qualitative exploration of higher education students\u2019 immersive learning experiences"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9990-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"\u00c7ak\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9340-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Zenasni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0007-0052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib1","series-title":"Corporate psychology and its impact on diversity, equity, and inclusion","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microaggressions and equity in the workplace","author":"Ayari","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reducing implicit gender bias using a virtual workplace environment","author":"Beltran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000067","article-title":"A meta-analytical integration of over 40 years of research on diversity training evaluation","volume":"142","author":"Bezrukova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib4","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bodyswaps [Virtual Reality training software]"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leveraging virtual reality to enhance diversity, equity and inclusion training at Google","author":"Bursztein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-021-01182-y","article-title":"A worked example of Braun and Clarke's approach to reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"56","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quality and Quantity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2025.2450634","article-title":"Virtual reality for the training of soft skills for professional education: Trends and opportunities","volume":"33","author":"Dubiel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib10","series-title":"A handbook of research methods for clinical and health psychology","first-page":"147","article-title":"Descriptive and interpretive approaches to qualitative research","author":"Elliott","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416307","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1416307","article-title":"AI-based avatars are changing the way we learn and teach: Benefits and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Fink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib12","first-page":"114","article-title":"Unconscious bias training that works","volume":"99","author":"Gino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2419.2011.00373.x","article-title":"The transfer of training: What really matters","volume":"15","author":"Grossman","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Training and Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.26681\/jote.2024.080106","article-title":"The use of virtual reality for student training on bias and microaggressions","volume":"8","author":"Hamed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Therapy Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2021.100882","article-title":"Bystander training for faculty: A promising approach to tackling microaggressions in the academy","volume":"63","author":"Haynes-Baratz","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Ideas in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12520","article-title":"Motivation, engagement, and performance across multiple virtual reality sessions and levels of immersion","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13031","article-title":"Systematic methodological review: Developing a framework for a qualitative semi-structured interview guide","volume":"72","author":"Kallio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1037\/cpb0000211","article-title":"I'm biased, and so are you. What should organizations do? A review of organizational implicit-bias training programs","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616659391","article-title":"Microaggressions: Strong claims, inadequate evidence","volume":"12","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09586-2","article-title":"The cognitive affective model of immersive learning (CAMIL): A theoretical research-based model of learning in immersive virtual reality","volume":"33","author":"Makransky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib23","series-title":"CCIS","first-page":"65","article-title":"Complexity of agency in VR learning environments: Exploring associations with interactivity, learning outcomes, and affect. In Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN 2024)","volume":"2271","author":"McGivney","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.70725\/372356fpywxa","article-title":"Cultivating leadership competency using virtual reality: DEI and anti-racism","volume":"34","author":"Medvec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel-Alonso, I., Checa, D., Guillen-Sanz, H., & Bustillo, A. (2024). Evaluation of the novelty effect in immersive virtual reality learning experiences. Virtual Reality, 28, Article 27. 10.1007\/s10055-023-00926-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00926-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420150303","article-title":"Methods of coping with social desirability bias: A review","volume":"15","author":"Nederhof","year":"1985","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000000388","article-title":"Standards for reporting qualitative research: A synthesis of recommendations","volume":"89","author":"O'Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00d6zkaya, S., Berrezueta Guzman, S., & Wagner, S. (2025). How LLMs are shaping the future of virtual reality. arXiv preprint. 10.48550\/arXiv.2508.00737.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3631594"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib29","series-title":"APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological","first-page":"5","article-title":"Varieties of qualitative research: A pragmatic approach to selecting methods","author":"Pistrang","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib30","series-title":"NVivo","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib31","article-title":"Sexual harassment bystander training effectiveness: Experimentally comparing 2D video to virtual reality practice","volume":"3","author":"Rawski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technology, Mind, and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.5220\/0011995900003470","article-title":"Virtual reality as a tool for promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion within the higher education landscape","volume":"2","author":"Richter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Supported Education (CSEDU 2023)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib33","first-page":"59","article-title":"The use of virtual reality in the study of people's responses to violent incidents","volume":"3","author":"Rovira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1535","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0138","article-title":"Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments","volume":"364","author":"Slater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib36","series-title":"Proceedings of ITiCSE 2024","first-page":"3","article-title":"Early adoption of generative artificial intelligence in computing education: Emergent student use cases and perspectives in 2023","author":"Smith","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.62.4.271","article-title":"Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice","volume":"62","author":"Sue","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib38","series-title":"Microaggressions in everyday life","author":"Sue","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib39","first-page":"37","article-title":"Cognitive load theory","volume":"Vol. 55","author":"Sweller","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619827499","article-title":"Microaggressions: Clarification, evidence, and impact","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Education: X Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949678026000176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2949678026000176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T06:17:04Z","timestamp":1773814624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2949678026000176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S2949678026000176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149","relation":{},"ISSN":["2949-6780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2949-6780","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Virtual reality for gender microaggression training: A qualitative exploration of higher education students\u2019 immersive learning experiences","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Education: X Reality","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cexr.2026.100149","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100149"}}