{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:13:10Z","timestamp":1778249590103,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003986","name":"Jacobs Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-044-P-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-044-P-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003542","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016248","name":"Kauno Technologijos Universitetas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008316","name":"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000873","name":"Andrew W. Mellon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1806-05902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1806-05902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000873","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:38:27Z","timestamp":1775666307000},"page":"109021","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tracing need for cognition in digital learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9998-386X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aki","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luise","family":"von Keyserlingk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8754-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Deininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renzhe","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nia","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2168-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bardach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.2.219","article-title":"Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits","volume":"121","author":"Ackerman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654316689306","article-title":"Rethinking the use of tests: A meta-analysis of practice testing","volume":"87","author":"Adesope","year":"2017","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2017.1315085","article-title":"Learning hindrances and self-regulated learning strategies reported by undergraduate students: Identifying characteristics of resilient students","volume":"43","author":"Ainscough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib4","first-page":"87","article-title":"Academic self-efficacy as a determinant of the need for cognition, parental involvement and extraversion among secondary school students in Oyo state, Nigeria","volume":"40","author":"Ajadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Papers in Education and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12982","article-title":"Using learning analytics to measure self\u2010regulated learning: A systematic review of empirical studies in higher education","volume":"40","author":"Alhazbi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01939-9","article-title":"Predicting student outcomes using digital logs of learning behaviors: Review, current standards, and suggestions for future work","volume":"55","author":"Arizmendi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4609.2012.00366.x","article-title":"Access patterns of online materials in a blended course","volume":"11","author":"Asarta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-020-00187-1","article-title":"The benefits and caveats of using clickstream data to understand student self-regulatory behaviors: Opening the black box of learning processes","volume":"17","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103999","article-title":"Predicting achievement and providing support before STEM majors begin to fail","volume":"158","author":"Bernacki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000890","article-title":"Using multimodal learning analytics to validate digital traces of self-regulated learning in a laboratory study and predict performance in undergraduate courses","volume":"117","author":"Bernacki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000081","article-title":"Passionate thinkers feel better: Self-control capacity as mediator of the relationship between need for cognition and affective adjustment","volume":"33","author":"Bertrams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Individual Differences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7499","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3229161","article-title":"Deep neural networks and tabular data: A survey","volume":"35","author":"Borisov","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib13","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th learning analytics and knowledge conference","first-page":"736","article-title":"Demonstrating the impact of study regularity on academic success using learning analytics","author":"Bourguet","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2025.102656","article-title":"Measuring individual differences in students' knowledge about self-regulated learning strategies with a digital tool","volume":"119","author":"Brunner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3655604","article-title":"On task and in sync: Examining the relationship between gaze synchrony and self-reported attention during video lecture learning","volume":"8","author":"B\u00fchler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.42.1.116","article-title":"The need for cognition","volume":"42","author":"Cacioppo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.2.197","article-title":"Dispositional differences in cognitive motivation: The life and times of individuals varying in need for cognition","volume":"119","author":"Cacioppo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.3c00773","article-title":"Student responses to spaced practice in two large gateway chemistry courses","volume":"101","author":"Carpenter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Education"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00089-1","article-title":"The science of effective learning with spacing and retrieval practice","volume":"1","author":"Carpenter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.03.227","article-title":"Need for cognition and approaches to learning among university students","volume":"127","author":"Cazan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 international conference on electronic systems and intelligent computing (ICESIC)","first-page":"335","article-title":"Academic performance prediction using machine learning: A comprehensive & systematic review","author":"Chakrapani","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.09.012","article-title":"The interplay between cognitive and motivational variables in a supportive online learning system for secondary physical education","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2014.965823","article-title":"The ICAP framework: Linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes","volume":"49","author":"Chi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib24","series-title":"2020 13th international conference on developments in eSystems engineering (DeSE)","first-page":"269","article-title":"Need for interpretable student performance prediction","author":"Chitti","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib25","series-title":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on learning analytics and knowledge (LAK \u201918)","article-title":"Finding traces of self-regulated learning in activity streams","author":"Cicchinelli","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"How do learners practice? \u2013 theory-informed sequence analyses to investigate self-regulated learning processes and their link to achievement","author":"Colling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib27","first-page":"162","article-title":"The relationship between the need for cognition, metacognition, and intellectual task performance","volume":"1","author":"Coutinho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educational Research and Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2005.06.001","article-title":"Metacognition, need for cognition and use of explanations during ongoing learning and problem solving","volume":"15","author":"Coutinho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2011.02.005","article-title":"Need for cognition and active information search in small student groups","volume":"21","author":"Cur\u015feu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.06.012","article-title":"Modeling the links between need for cognition and the acquisition of a complex skill","volume":"42","author":"Day","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-023-09766-w","article-title":"Worth the effort: The start and stick to desirable difficulties (S2D2) framework","volume":"35","author":"De Bruin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191118793208","article-title":"The very efficient assessment of need for cognition: Developing a six-item version","volume":"27","author":"De Holanda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib33","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th international learning analytics and knowledge conference","first-page":"771","article-title":"Who did what to succeed? Individual differences in which learning behaviors are linked to achievement","author":"Deininger","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000906","article-title":"Using theory-informed learning analytics to understand how homework behavior predicts achievement","volume":"117","author":"Deininger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.41.020190.002221","article-title":"Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model","volume":"41","author":"Digman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410303225","article-title":"Approaches to learning, cognitive style, and motives as predictors of academic achievement","volume":"23","author":"Diseth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12016","article-title":"Differential use of learning strategies in first-year higher education: The impact of personality, academic motivation, and teaching strategies","volume":"83","author":"Donche","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104828","article-title":"What can online traces tell us about students' self-regulated learning? A systematic review of online trace data analysis","volume":"201","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02770.x","article-title":"Utilizing need for cognition and perceived self\u2010efficacy to predict academic performance","volume":"32","author":"Elias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167208315556","article-title":"Neurophysiological measures of involuntary and voluntary attention allocation and dispositional differences in need for cognition","volume":"34","author":"Enge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1348\/000709903322591217","article-title":"Approaches to learning, need for cognition, and strategic flexibility among university students","volume":"73","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.02076","article-title":"Do individual differences in cognition and personality predict retrieval practice activities on MOOCs?","volume":"11","author":"Fellman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-017-9681-x","article-title":"Decisional procrastination: Assessing characterological and contextual variables around indecision","volume":"37","author":"Ferrari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167209351886","article-title":"Same or different? Clarifying the relationship of need for cognition to personality and intelligence","volume":"36","author":"Fleischhauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence12120128","article-title":"Yes, I can: The interplay of need for cognition and task confidence in cognitive task performance","volume":"12","author":"Fleischhauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000161","article-title":"Directly and indirectly assessed need for cognition differentially predict spontaneous and reflective information processing behavior","volume":"36","author":"Fleischhauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Individual Differences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.2014.14505101066","article-title":"Influence of need for cognition and need for cognitive closure on three information behavior orientations","volume":"51","author":"Fortier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.11.006","article-title":"Intuition and analytic processes in probabilistic reasoning: The role of time pressure","volume":"45","author":"Furlan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.10.002","article-title":"Learning analytics should not promote one size fits all: The effects of instructional conditions in predicting academic success","volume":"28","author":"Ga\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.4.537","article-title":"Personality-intelligence relations: Assessment of typical intellectual engagement","volume":"84","author":"Goff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40536-021-00113-5","article-title":"From byproduct to design factor: On validating the interpretation of process indicators based on log data","volume":"9","author":"Goldhammer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Large-Scale Assessments in Education"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220282","article-title":"Thinking in action: Need for cognition predicts self-control together with action orientation","volume":"14","author":"Grass","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00790","article-title":"Cognitive investments in academic success: The role of need for cognition at university","volume":"8","author":"Grass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-011-0181-y","article-title":"Study strategies of college students: Are self-testing and scheduling related to achievement?","volume":"19","author":"Hartwig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib54","article-title":"Machine learning for the educational sciences","volume":"9","author":"Hilbert","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Review of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12744","article-title":"Investigating students' use of self\u2010assessments in higher education using learning analytics","volume":"39","author":"Ifenthaler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09788-z","article-title":"Utilising learning analytics to support study success in higher education: A systematic review","volume":"68","author":"Ifenthaler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research & Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0001109","article-title":"Why do people seek information? The role of personality traits and situation perception","volume":"151","author":"Jach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/0735633116678995","article-title":"Person-oriented approaches to profiling learners in technology-rich learning environments for ecological learner modeling","volume":"55","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib59","first-page":"509","article-title":"Learner characteristics predict performance and confidence in e-Learning: An analysis of user behaviour and self-evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Jeske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Learning Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12968","article-title":"Explaining trace\u2010based learner profiles with self\u2010reports: The added value of psychological networks","volume":"40","author":"Jovanovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104251","article-title":"Students matter the most in learning analytics: The effects of internal and instructional conditions in predicting academic success","volume":"172","author":"Jovanovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.08.023","article-title":"Learning analytics to support self-regulated learning in asynchronous online courses: A case study at a women's university in South Korea","volume":"127","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2020.100978","article-title":"Individual differences in adolescents\u2019 willingness to invest cognitive effort: Relation to need for cognition, motivation and cognitive capacity","volume":"57","author":"Kramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105050","article-title":"Students' active cognitive engagement with instructional videos predicts STEM learning","volume":"216","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-020-09572-8","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention","volume":"33","author":"Latimier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2023.102363","article-title":"Seeking, mastering, and enjoying cognitive effort: Scrutinizing the role of need for cognition in academic achievement","volume":"107","author":"Lavrijsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1037\/edu0000666","article-title":"Does motivation predict changes in academic achievement beyond intelligence and personality? A multitheoretical perspective","volume":"114","author":"Lavrijsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2881","article-title":"Information processing at successive stages of decision making: Need for cognition and inclusion\u2013exclusion effects","volume":"82","author":"Levin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2020.100727","article-title":"Using clickstream data to measure, understand, and support self-regulated learning in online courses","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib69","first-page":"11","article-title":"The role of need for cognition and mood in online flow experience","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Information Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s41039-018-0087-7","article-title":"Measuring behaviors and identifying indicators of self-regulation in computer-assisted language learning courses","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Temporal structures and sequential patterns of self-regulated learning behaviors in problem solving with an intelligent tutoring system","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educational Technology & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543231160474","article-title":"The relation between need for cognition and academic achievement: A meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib73","series-title":"Proceedings of the 31st international conference on neural information processing. 31st international conference on neural information processing systems (NIPS 2017)","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib74","series-title":"Proceedings of the tenth international conference on learning analytics & knowledge (LAK \u201920)","first-page":"151","article-title":"Analytics of learning strategies: The association with the personality traits","author":"Matcha","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2021.100060","article-title":"Perspectives on the challenges of generalizability, transparency and ethics in predictive learning analytics","volume":"2","author":"Mathrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers and Education Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib76","series-title":"Students', graduates', and young professional critical use of online information","first-page":"23","article-title":"Latent profiles of generic critical online reasoning: Examining young professionals in law, medicine, and teaching using process and performance data","author":"Maur","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-010-0035-2","article-title":"Metacognitive awareness of learning strategies in undergraduates","volume":"39","author":"McCabe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2014.04.006","article-title":"Motivational characteristics of students in gifted classes: The pivotal role of need for cognition","volume":"33","author":"Meier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"11\/12","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1108\/NLW-07-2013-0060","article-title":"Students' need for cognition affects their information seeking behavior","volume":"114","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Library World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107540","article-title":"Measuring self-regulated learning and the role of AI: Five years of research using multimodal multichannel data","volume":"139","author":"Molenaar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib81","series-title":"K-nearest neighbor (k-nn) based missing data imputation","author":"Murti","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence10020023","article-title":"Processes underlying the relation between cognitive ability and curiosity with academic performance: A mediation analysis for epistemic behavior in a five-year longitudinal study","volume":"10","author":"Mussel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29245","article-title":"Patterns of theta oscillation reflect the neural basis of individual differences in epistemic motivation","volume":"6","author":"Mussel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1006\/jrpe.1999.2274","article-title":"Individual differences in need for cognition and complex problem solving","volume":"34","author":"Nair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib85","series-title":"Introduction to HPC with MPI for data science","article-title":"Hierarchical clustering","author":"Nielsen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib86","first-page":"1","article-title":"Synthesis of student engagement with digital technologies: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Nkomo","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01117-5","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of discrepancies between logged and self-reported digital media use","volume":"5","author":"Parry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib88","first-page":"7","article-title":"The procrastination related indicators in e-learning platforms","volume":"21","author":"Paule Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib135","first-page":"245","article-title":"Applying learning analytics to map students\u2019 self-regulated learning tactics in an academic writing course","author":"Peeters","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Conference on Computers in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0576-1","article-title":"Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition?","volume":"48","author":"Pennycook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030","article-title":"Common method bias: It\u2019s bad, it\u2019s complex, it\u2019s widespread, and it\u2019s not easy to fix","volume":"11","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000170","article-title":"Assessing need for cognition in early adolescence: Validation of a German adaption of the cacioppo\/petty scale","volume":"30","author":"Preckel","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib137","series-title":"12th international learning analytics and knowledge conference","first-page":"130","article-title":"Using learner trace data to understand metacognitive processes in writing from multiple sources","author":"Rakovic","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037250","article-title":"The situational eight DIAMONDS: A taxonomy of major dimensions of situation characteristics","volume":"107","author":"Rauthmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1108\/JWL-08-2018-0101","article-title":"Ready and willing to learn: Exploring personal antecedents to taking on learning challenges","volume":"31","author":"Rigolizzo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Workplace Learning"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031109","article-title":"What is conscientiousness and how can it be assessed?","volume":"50","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1177\/1469787418774185","article-title":"Do spacing and self-testing predict learning outcomes?","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Active Learning in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11092-015-9229-2","article-title":"Assessing self-regulated learning in higher education: A systematic literature review of self-report instruments","volume":"28","author":"Roth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: A graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11409-019-09188-6","article-title":"Granularity matters: Comparing different ways of measuring self-regulatedlearning","volume":"14","author":"Rovers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metacognition and Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib97","series-title":"Proceedings of the first international workshop on supporting lifelong learning Co-Located with the 20th international conference on artificial intelligence","article-title":"Predicting culture and personality in online courses","author":"R\u00fcdian","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2018.08.001","article-title":"Understanding the link between need for cognition and complex problem solving","volume":"55","author":"Rudolph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib99","first-page":"73","article-title":"Procrastination, need for cognition and sensation seeking","volume":"41","author":"Sarmany-Schuller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Studia Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib100","article-title":"How do intellectually curious and interested people learn and attain knowledge? A focus on behavioral traces of information seeking","author":"Schumacher","year":"2025","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2009.04.006","article-title":"The impact of perceived message complexity and need for cognition on information processing and attitudes","volume":"43","author":"See","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib102","series-title":"Proceedings of the tenth international conference on learning analytics & knowledge","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analyzing the consistency in within-activity learning patterns in blended learning","author":"Sher","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.5.1.89","article-title":"What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest","volume":"5","author":"Silvia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib104","first-page":"93","article-title":"Online flow experiences: The role of need for cognition, self-efficacy, and sensation seeking tendency","volume":"3","author":"Srivastava","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Business and Information Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib105","first-page":"1","article-title":"The need for cognition and self-regulated learning in online environments","volume":"9","author":"Swafford","year":"2021","journal-title":"The CTE Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.08.010","article-title":"Student profiling in a dispositional learning analytics application using formative assessment","volume":"78","author":"Tempelaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3078","article-title":"On cognition, need, and action: How working memory and need for cognition influence leisure activities","volume":"29","author":"Therriault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Applied Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society - Series B: Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119566","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2936384","article-title":"Does providing a personalized educational game based on personality matter? A case study","volume":"7","author":"Tlili","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib110","series-title":"2017 IEEE 17th international conference on advanced learning technologies (ICALT)","first-page":"131","article-title":"A smart educational game to model personality using learning analytics","author":"Tlili","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15804\/kie.2018.04.02","article-title":"The need for cognition and meta-learning competence among students of teacher education at the university level","volume":"122","author":"Uszy\u0144ska-Jarmoc","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kultura i Edukacja"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.14786\/flr.v8i3.497","article-title":"Tracking patterns in self-regulated learning using students' self-reports and online trace data","volume":"8","author":"van Halem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontline Learning Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2024.102598","article-title":"Students' study activities before and after exam deadlines as predictors of performance in STEM courses: A multi-source data analysis","volume":"117","author":"von Keyserlingk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030746","article-title":"Investment and intellect: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"von Stumm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691611421204","article-title":"The hungry mind: Intellectual curiosity is the third pillar of academic performance","volume":"6","author":"von Stumm","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13282","article-title":"Which log variables significantly predict academic achievement? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib117","article-title":"Study harder? The relationship of achievement goals to attitudes and self-reported use of desirable difficulties in self-regulated learning","volume":"24","author":"Weissgerber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychological & Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2017.1387644","article-title":"Learning the hard way: Need for cognition influences attitudes toward and self-reported use of desirable difficulties","volume":"38","author":"Weissgerber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2019.1632170","article-title":"Linking prediction with personality traits: A learning analytics approach","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.31577\/sp.2024.04.903","article-title":"Effective deep learning requires a \u201cbalance\u201d between need for cognition, flow experience, and positive academic emotions","volume":"66","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Studia Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-025-09465-1","article-title":"Profiles of students' behavioral engagement and their associations to academic motivation in online learning","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib122","first-page":"183","article-title":"Student self-assessment practices: The role of gender, school level and goal orientation","volume":"25","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.06.025","article-title":"The influences of self-regulated learning support and prior knowledge on improving learning performance","volume":"126","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-023-09801-w","article-title":"Do practice tests (quizzes) reduce or provoke test anxiety? A meta-analytic review","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617693393","article-title":"Choosing prediction over explanation in psychology: Lessons from machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Yarkoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2022.100855","article-title":"Using trace data to enhance students' self-regulation: A learning analytics perspective","volume":"54","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10740","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3144625","article-title":"Online students' learning behaviors and academic success: An analysis of LMS log data from flipped classrooms via regularization","volume":"10","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.11.003","article-title":"Identifying significant indicators using LMS data to predict course achievement in online learning","volume":"29","author":"You","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Internet and Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib129","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2000)","first-page":"292","article-title":"Toward accurate and fair prediction of college success: Evaluating different sources of student data","author":"Yu","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2024.2344033","article-title":"Comparing learning persistence and engagement in asynchronous and synchronous online learning, the role of autonomous academic motivation and time management","volume":"33","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021_bib131","article-title":"The role of need for cognition in well-being: Review and meta-analyses of associations and potentially underlying mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Zerna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Collabra: Psychology"}],"container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001184?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001184?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T13:28:21Z","timestamp":1778246901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0747563226001184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":137,"alternative-id":["S0747563226001184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0747-5632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0747-5632","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tracing need for cognition in digital learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Human Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109021"}}