{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T02:47:40Z","timestamp":1782528460241,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T23:34:31Z","timestamp":1779492871000},"page":"109055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A dual-component framework of interactive attention: Gaze markers of expertise and engagement in split-attention gameplay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7258-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Juvrud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4370-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine","family":"Salembier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Delany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1909-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiloh","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9286-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingcen (Lucy)","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"\u0141oboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Sotiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.44.2.175","article-title":"The predictive validity of multiple-item versus single-item measures of the same constructs","volume":"44","author":"Bergkvist","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib4","series-title":"Patterns in game design","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib7","series-title":"Challenges for game designer","article-title":"s","author":"Brathwaite","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib50","series-title":"Evaluating user experience in games: Concepts and methods","first-page":"209","article-title":"Beyond the gamepad: HCI and game controller design and evaluation","author":"Brown","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGCMS.2016100101","article-title":"Game play differences by expertise level in Dota 2, a complex multiplayer video game","volume":"8","author":"Castaneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations (IJGCMS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib9","series-title":"The game design reader: A rules of play anthology","first-page":"192","article-title":"I have no words & I must design","author":"Costikyan","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib48","series-title":"Flow: The psychology of optimal experience","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"1990"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib55","first-page":"28","article-title":"Using eye-movement events to determine the mental workload of surgical residents","volume":"11","author":"Dalveren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Eye Movement Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib12","series-title":"Human performance","author":"Fitts","year":"1967"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/950566.950595","article-title":"What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy","volume":"1","author":"Gee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computers in Entertainment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640903325758","article-title":"Eye tracking in infancy research","volume":"35","author":"Gredeb\u00e4ck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental neuropsychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3352763","article-title":"The effect of task on visual attention in interactive virtual environments","volume":"16","author":"Hadnett-Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Applied Perception"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib47","first-page":"172","article-title":"Eye movement during skill acquisition: More evidence for the information-reduction hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Haider","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib16","article-title":"It takes two [video game; PlayStation 5]","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electronic Arts"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-024-02544-8","article-title":"The fundamentals of eye tracking part 1: The link between theory and research question","volume":"57","author":"Hessels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib18","series-title":"Understanding user interaction in a video game by using eye tracking and facial expressions analysis [Master's thesis","author":"Iqbal","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib19","series-title":"The mind's eye: Cognitive and applied aspects of eye movement research","first-page":"573","article-title":"Eye tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: Ready to deliver the promises","author":"Jacob","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.37398\/JSR.2020.640137","article-title":"Potential eye tracking metrics and indicators to measure cognitive load in human-computer interaction research","volume":"64","author":"Joseph","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib22","series-title":"Half-real: Video games between real rules and fictional worlds","author":"Juul","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib49","article-title":"A deconstruction of expertise and performance through arcade games","author":"Juvrud","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Games"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9070429","article-title":"Exploring the cognitive load of expert and novice map users using EEG and eye tracking","volume":"9","author":"Keskin","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1804_1","article-title":"On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action","volume":"18","author":"Kirsh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognitive science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00941","article-title":"Just how expert are \u201cexpert\u201d video-game players? Assessing the experience and expertise of video-game players across \u201caction\u201d video-game genres","volume":"4","author":"Latham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib28","article-title":"Eye movement and pupil measures: A review","volume":"3","author":"Mahanama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2018.07.009","article-title":"Guided by gaze: Prioritization strategy when navigating through a virtual crowd can be assessed through gaze activity","volume":"190","author":"Meerhoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib31","series-title":"Super mario bros","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326985EP3801_1","article-title":"Cognitive load theory and instructional design: Recent developments","volume":"38","author":"Paas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Educational Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib34","series-title":"Encyclopedia of human computer interaction","first-page":"211","article-title":"Eye-tracking in human-computer interaction and usability research: Current status and future prospects","author":"Poole","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib36","series-title":"Gaming literacy: Construct validation and scale construction [Master's thesis, University of South Florida]","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2021.3066072","article-title":"Review of Eye Tracking Metrics Involved in Emotional and Cognitive Processes","volume":"16","author":"Skaramagkas","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01191","article-title":"Measuring cognitive load in embodied learning settings","volume":"8","author":"Skulmowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4752(94)90003-5","article-title":"Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design","volume":"4","author":"Sweller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2009.02.009","article-title":"Eye tracking as a tool to study and enhance multimedia learning","volume":"20","author":"Van Gog","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2023.102599","article-title":"A comparative analysis for eye movement characteristics between professional and non-professional players in FIFA eSports game","volume":"81","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055_bib45","series-title":"The video game explosion: A history from PONG to PlayStation and beyond","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001524?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001524?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T02:44:40Z","timestamp":1782528280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0747563226001524"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0747563226001524"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055","relation":{},"ISSN":["0747-5632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0747-5632","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A dual-component framework of interactive attention: Gaze markers of expertise and engagement in split-attention gameplay","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Human Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109055","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109055"}}