{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T21:19:23Z","timestamp":1783459163983,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006254","name":"Ruhr University Bochum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:22:57Z","timestamp":1782343377000},"page":"109092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Understanding the loneliness paradox of the digital age: Offline social support mediates the relationship between addictive social media use and loneliness \u2013 A gender comparison in the German general population"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7607-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Brailovskaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6751-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena-Marie","family":"Precht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1059-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svenja","family":"Schaumburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Margraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0698-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000160","article-title":"The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Andreassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.03.006","article-title":"The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey","volume":"64","author":"Andreassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00191-018-0556-6","article-title":"Online networks, social interaction and segregation: An evolutionary approach","volume":"28","author":"Antoci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Evolutionary Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2019.101304","article-title":"Gender differences in the addiction to social networks in the southern Spanish university students","volume":"46","author":"Aparicio-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.18376\/jesp\/2019\/v15\/i2\/153522","article-title":"Study of gender difference in loneliness among adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Bajaj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-020-00625-3","article-title":"Is it meaningful to distinguish between Facebook addiction and social networking sites addiction? Psychometric analysis of Facebook addiction and social networking sites addiction scales","volume":"41","author":"Balcerowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2023.112172","article-title":"Different aspects of narcissism and social networking sites addiction in Poland and Germany: The mediating role of positive and negative reinforcement expectancies","volume":"207","author":"Balcerowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110066","article-title":"Loneliness around the world: Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness","volume":"169","author":"Barreto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104306","article-title":"The \u201cVicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health\u201d model","volume":"247","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2023.2286529","article-title":"Less social media use\u2013more satisfied, work-engaged and mentally healthy employees: An experimental intervention study","volume":"43","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib11","series-title":"Social media and the mental health of children and adolescents","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2025"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13022","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03182-z","article-title":"Addictive social media use during Covid-19 outbreak: Validation of the Bergen social media addiction scale (BSMAS) and investigation of protective factors in nine countries","volume":"43","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02025-7","article-title":"Repetitive negative thinking mediates the relationship between addictive Facebook use and suicide-related outcomes: A longitudinal study","volume":"42","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107725","article-title":"Vulnerable narcissism, fear of missing out (FoMO) and addictive social media use: A gender comparison from Germany","volume":"144","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.05.014","article-title":"The relationship between daily stress, social support and Facebook addiction disorder","volume":"276","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106511","article-title":"Tell me why are you using social media (SM)! relationship between reasons for use of SM, SM flow, daily stress, depression, anxiety, and addictive SM use\u2013An exploratory investigation of young adults in Germany","volume":"113","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-022-01751-x","article-title":"Experimental longitudinal evidence for causal role of social media use and physical activity in COVID-19 burden and mental health","volume":"31","author":"Brailovskaia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2229","article-title":"Loneliness and the big five personality traits: A meta\u2013analysis","volume":"34","author":"Buecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib21","article-title":"Perceiving the self as authentic on social media precedes fewer mental health symptoms: A longitudinal approach","author":"Bunker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2016.09.005","article-title":"How many likes did I get?: Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem","volume":"69","author":"Burrow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.5964\/ejop.v10i4.777","article-title":"Perceived social support and academic achievement in argentinean college students","volume":"10","author":"De la Iglesia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Europe's Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2015.1080534","article-title":"Gender differences in the experience of loneliness in US Chinese older adults","volume":"29","author":"Dong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Women & Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/fi12020024","article-title":"Well-being and social media: A systematic review of Bergen addiction scales","volume":"12","author":"Duradoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib27","series-title":"European quality of life surveys (EQLS)","year":"2016"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192214991","article-title":"Climate anxiety, loneliness and perceived social isolation","volume":"19","author":"Hajek","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib29","series-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis","author":"Hayes","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.07.008","article-title":"An evolutionary framework for studying mechanisms of social behavior","volume":"29","author":"Hofmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib31","series-title":"Meta buried 'causal' evidence of social media harm, US court filings allege","author":"Horwitz","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027504268574","article-title":"A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies","volume":"26","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2021.40.1.46","article-title":"Too much of a good thing: Who we follow, what we do, and how much time we spend on social media affects well-being","volume":"40","author":"Hunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2019.1590851","article-title":"A systematic review: The influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Keles","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescence and Youth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.07.033","article-title":"Talking face-to-Facebook: Associations between online social interactions and offline relationships","volume":"89","author":"Khalis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib36","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effects of gender and personality differences on Twitter addiction among Turkish undergraduates","volume":"7","author":"Kircaburun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000686","article-title":"Brief form of the perceived social support questionnaire (F-SozU K-6): Validation, norms, and cross-cultural measurement invariance in the USA, Germany, Russia, and China","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-022-00124-1","article-title":"Loneliness across time and space","volume":"2","author":"Luhmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2220","article-title":"Gender differences in loneliness across the lifespan: A meta\u2013analysis","volume":"33","author":"Maes","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101523","article-title":"Examining the links between active Facebook use, received likes, self-esteem and happiness: A study using objective social media data","volume":"58","author":"Marengo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2020.101556","article-title":"Does excessive social media use decrease subjective well-being? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between problematic use, loneliness and life satisfaction","volume":"59","author":"Marttila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-021-00710-z","article-title":"Perceived social support and stress: A study of 1st year students in Ireland","volume":"21","author":"McLean","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0325","article-title":"Research on social networking sites and social support from 2004 to 2015: A narrative review and directions for future research","volume":"20","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106949","article-title":"Problematic social media use and social support received in real-life versus on social media: Associations with depression, anxiety and social isolation","volume":"119","author":"Meshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib45","article-title":"Relationships between social media addiction, social media use metacognitions, depression, anxiety, fear of missing out, loneliness, and mindfulness","author":"Meynadier","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2024.107980","article-title":"Problematic social media use in childhood and adolescence","volume":"153","author":"Montag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107687","article-title":"Loneliness and problematic social networking sites use in young adults with poor vs. good sleep quality: The moderating role of gender","volume":"142","author":"Moretta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib48","author":"Morris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib49","article-title":"Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"O'Day","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","article-title":"The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.68","article-title":"Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being","volume":"55","author":"Ryan","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02454-2","article-title":"The impact of social media use on psychiatric symptoms and well-being of children and adolescents in the post-COVID-19 era: A four-year longitudinal study","volume":"33","author":"Shoshani","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106480","article-title":"Do men become addicted to internet gaming and women to social media? A meta-analysis examining gender-related differences in specific internet addiction","volume":"113","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib54","article-title":"A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research","volume":"114","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib55","first-page":"42","article-title":"Perceived social support, stress and gender differences among university students: A cross sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Talwar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/pchj.220","article-title":"Extraversion and happiness: The mediating role of social support and hope","volume":"7","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PsyCh Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2015.06.003","article-title":"Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction","volume":"33","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Telematics and Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781","article-title":"Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence","volume":"145","author":"Tsilosani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407519836170","article-title":"Less in-person social interaction with peers among US adolescents in the 21st century and links to loneliness","volume":"36","author":"Twenge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291034","article-title":"The association between depression and addictive social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of sense of control","volume":"18","author":"Vally","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12448","article-title":"Gender differences in the correlates of loneliness among Japanese persons aged 50\u201370","volume":"36","author":"van den Broek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australasian Journal on Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib62","article-title":"Social media addiction, fear of missing out (FoMO) and online vulnerability in university students","volume":"14","author":"Varchetta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Digital de Investigaci\u00f3n en Docencia Universitaria"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14101037","article-title":"Exploring gender differences in internet addiction and psychological factors: A study in a Spanish sample","volume":"14","author":"Varchetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.021","article-title":"Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of internet use expectancies, internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Wegmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1108\/QMR-06-2013-0041","article-title":"Why people use social media: A uses and gratifications approach","volume":"16","author":"Whiting","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib66","series-title":"Prosocial behavior","first-page":"265","article-title":"Social support and interpersonal relationships","author":"Wills","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib67","series-title":"International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5539\/ass.v17n11p48","article-title":"The gender differences in the relationships between self-esteem and life satisfaction with social media addiction among university students","volume":"17","author":"Xuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Social Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social media use disorder and loneliness: Any association between the two? Results of a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults","volume":"8","author":"Youssef","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.17102\/bjrd.rub.11.1.028","article-title":"Social media addiction and self-esteem in relation to gender of students","volume":"11","author":"Zam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bhutan Journal of Research and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2022.103616","article-title":"The relationships between social support and loneliness: A meta-analysis and review","volume":"227","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"}],"container-title":["Computers in Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001895?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0747563226001895?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:58:39Z","timestamp":1783457919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0747563226001895"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0747563226001895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0747-5632"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0747-5632","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Understanding the loneliness paradox of the digital age: Offline social support mediates the relationship between addictive social media use and loneliness \u2013 A gender comparison in the German general population","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Human Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109092","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109092"}}